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Abstract: Business English has obvious professional features, in the translation, you should pay attention to the use of certain techniques to ensure the accuracy of the translation. Firstly, the overall characteristics of business English, as well as the specific characteristics of the words, phrases, sentences have been analyzed separately, then business English translation skills elaborated.
Keywords: Business English; features; translation skills
Contents
Introduction 1
1. Business English translation in the course of the problems 2
1.1 "penetration." 2
1.2 "revealing." 3
1.3 "infiltration" and "revealing." 3
2The characteristics of Business English 4
2.2Integrated features 4
2.2Lexical features 5
2.3 The phrase Features 6
2.4 the sentence Features 7
3 Business English translation skills 8
3.1The words and phrases translation skills 8
3.2 The sentence translation skills 9
Conclusion 10
References 11
Introduction
With the deepening world economic integration and expansion of international business activities have become increasingly frequent, English as a common language in the world, in international business activities also play a pivotal role. Business English is mainly used for international trade and marketing and other business activities in a particular body of the English language. Business English is a branch of ESP, compared with ordinary English, but there is no essential difference in Business English with a specific "business characteristics." It is in terms of lexical, syntactic, stylistic and others have their own characteristics, and often involves many different business areas.
Business English for international marketing and trading activities set up a specialized body of the English language, compared with ordinary English, Business English, though not a difference in the nature, but there are some of its features, since English is suitable for business a genre of foreign economic trade, international investment, technology transfer and international business negotiations and other business areas, which has a highly practical and purposeful, with its own cultural characteristics, colors and stylistic features and other aspects of language Features.
1. Business English translation in the course of the problems
International Business English translation is a serious work of stakeholders, can not understand the point of language competence. Business English translation involves a wide range of disciplines and more terminology and more, ranging from slightly inattentive absurd, laughable, while causing huge economic losses, the consequences could be disastrous. For starters, we can translate the process into two phases, namely: "infiltration" and "revealing", in other words, understanding and expression. A good translator should be able to do "was infiltrated into" and "get through it."
1.1 "penetration."
"Infiltrate" specifically refers to the translator thorough understanding of the original, this step is the basis for the translation. Failure of translation, or that the wrong translation, the translator is often not really "got" the original. Generally, when the translator Translation "get in" the situation more than the Chinese to English. Sometimes this is because the translator did not understand English or the original, and to the Chinese-speaking Chinese people understand the Chinese generally not a problem. So, to really "infiltrate" the translator must have strong English language skills and relevant professional background knowledge, and well-known English and Chinese language and culture, otherwise the translator can not really "penetrate", so "revealing" is bound to regret.
1.2 "revealing."
In the process of translation, "Go" is not so easy, as "out" is not easy. There translation practice often have such experience: their true "entry" of the original text, which fully understand the original text, but "out" does not come, that is limited to controlling the target language knowledge and ability, hard-pressed to find the exact words to express the meaning of the original.
1.3 "infiltration" and "revealing."
"Infiltration" and "revealing" is a pair of opposites, the "infiltration" only "revealing", "infiltrated" the purpose is to better "revealing." "Revealing" is the "infiltration" results only "penetrate" no "revealing", "infiltrated" lost purpose and meaning. The translation process is continuous and properly solve various problems in two different languages mutually inconsistent process. Indeed the case, the translator continuously discover and solve problems. Translator trying to "infiltrate" No matter what the problem encountered in the "infiltration" in the process, have to solve the problem, "got to go." After the "dig", such as the successful "out" Nature is good, but if the obstacles, the translator must remove obstacles, solve problems, and then "come out." But sometimes it does because of various reasons, especially in cultural reasons, the translator is difficult to be completely "out." "Get out" usually means a translator to understand the text, but in the target language word is not selected in the original language or peer peer language does not exist in the target language. Also, here's "get out" Unlike previously talked about "get out." "Get out" means here is that the translator to understand the original text, but stick to the original framework, not understanding the meaning of the original expression of the target language with bold closest peer language on the basis of the original. As a result, translated sentence is not very fluent, not authentic target language. "Get in" but "get out" of the second case, the translator to understand the text, but the text content in a unique exotic peer can not find words in the target language, so "not out come. " Here the "get out" is not the translator's incompetence, but cultural barriers (cultural obstruction) caused. Language is the carrier of cultural information, cultural information carried symbolic language is a huge symbolic system. Although there are various ethnic and cultural similarities, but this is relatively common, but the differences between different cultures is essential. In the process of translation, transmission of cultural information is relative, cultural information translatability limit is absolute. Cultural barriers exist forever in the translation process. Recognizing this, the translator if cultural barriers encountered in the translation process, it should calmly deal with this obstacle, through a variety of effective means to make more or less exotic cultural information is transmitted to the target language to go.
2The characteristics of Business English
2.2Integrated features
1)professional
Business English because it is a genre for this specialized field of international business and the formation of, and thus has a strong professional, including a large number of professional terminology. Eg, chamber of commerce (Chamber of Commerce), credit standing (credit status), are highly professional features and specific meaning, only the professional staff before regular use, and truly understand its inherent meaning. In addition, professional and also includes some common English words in common areas after entering business English, will have a richer meaning of professionalism. Such as the "line" of the term, in ordinary English, we generally understood as "team, ranks" or "rope" and other means, and in Business English, having been given the professional characteristics, generally translated as "industry" or represent certain goods.
2)formal nature
As the general business English for more formal occasions, and therefore not easy to use the more colloquial words or sentences, especially for some of the commercial agreement negotiations and business documents, etc., in the language, in general very seriously and has very strict requirements and the use of specific words norm, sometimes to express the importance of documents or respect for the other side of the negotiations, but also the use of some of the more uncommon words or sentences, to highlight clerical formality. For example, in the choice of words, saying that "on" time, usually use "concerning", "as regards" instead of the common, more colloquial term "about", "on" and so on.
3)rigor
A business language features and formal rigor is of the same strain, due to the use of the occasion, and objects such as reasons to express great emphasis on the wording of rigor and careful overall terms, requiring language well organized, easy to understand avoid the use of some images of vocabulary, as well as the rich emotional vocabulary, making the overall style of language appear misplaced. Such as "hope", "wish to" require the use of such a term generally more positive "confirm" such as substitution, has adopted a firm tone, suggesting that a rigorous approach to business activities.
2.2Lexical features
1)a high frequency of use acronyms
Business parlance for some professional terms, generally do not need to use spelling style expressions, and use only the form of shrinking spell that does not cause confusion. Such as, a / cs pay. (Accounts payable, accounts payable), b / c (bills for collection, collection bills), bhc (bank holding company, a bank holding company), etc., in business activities simply by Jianpin can be.
2)and the use of foreign words in the ancient words
Foreign words from the French and Latin words in general, such as the terms (terms, conditions), suit (sue, sue), claim (right) and other words from the French word; and tare decisis (stare decisis), bona fide activity (charity ) comes from the Latin words. On the use of ancient words, generally "here", "there" as the root composed mainly synthetic adverbs, such as "heyeof (thus)", "hereby (below)" and so on.
3)the higher the chance of modal verbs
Modal verbs, some tone affirmative words often used in business English, and fully reflects the seriousness of business activities, the rigor of characteristics, such as the frequency of "should", "must" and other words tend to be higher, a clear indication of Business Activities directivity avoid messy phenomenon.
4)The term refers unambiguously
To ensure business documents such as rigor in business activities, the use of pronouns tend to be more cautious, less typically use ratios, even if there is, it usually refers to a sense of the overall business activities of basic expressions no effect.
5)the fast development of new words
Business English vocabulary system is not closed, but with changes in the economic development, as well as new business needs, at any time insertion of some new words, in order to continuously improve the overall business English vocabulary system. For example, with the widespread adoption of computerized accounting knowledge, there has been such as accounting computerization (Accounting) and other new words.
2.3 The phrase Features
1) the high number of noun phrases
Business English phrase use, frequency of use of the verb phrase significantly lower than noun phrases, verb phrases and even some in the use of direct conversion to noun phrases. Such as noun phrase "a good line of hardware" and the like, as well as "provision of the services" substitute "provision services" such as verb phrases into a noun phrase is applied to the phenomenon of the sentence.
2)specifically the use of phrases
Business English often use specialized words to indicate the meaning of the convention, such as "copetence strategy (competitive strategy)", "for and on behalf of (on behalf of someone)" and so on.
3)The use of the phrase substitution clause
Given the characteristics of Business English easier to understand in the statement required in a specific sentence, as to avoid long complex sentences, generally considered to replace the clause with the phrase to make the sentence as simple as possible to better understand the meaning of the sentence.
2.4 the sentence Features
Use in a sentence, the general emphasis on the integrity of business English, rarely omitted to avoid sentence meaning vague, ambiguous. Meanwhile, the general use of the active voice, and commonly present tense, while rarely used in the future; generally used to direct expression, rarely indirect expression, especially in some roundabout way of expression implicit in Business English sentences are rare. For example, the sentence "this enterprise will not employ theperson who is more than 60 years old", it is very concise. In addition, the use of statements expressing general tone, especially in the business contract, a statement highlights the formal tone and seriousness; the sentence is Long Short Sentence coexist, although some long sentence structure is more complex, but in the overall sentence meaning On still losing rigor, clarity.
3 Business English translation skills
Business English translation, you should first fully understand the characteristics of business English and master the basic professional terminology, should also understand and be familiar with the cultural background of business English belongs, and language usage under such a cultural background, and through translation before and after comparison of two different cultural backgrounds, using the most precise words, phrases and sentences, such as the Business English reflect over the meaning of the conversion. In particular translation, should have the following skills:
3.1The words and phrases translation skills
1)abbreviations and specialized vocabulary (phrases) should regulate the use of
In translation, for abbreviations and specialized vocabulary (phrases) should be paid special attention, especially for large vocabulary of business documents, etc. If the same abbreviated words or specialized vocabulary (phrases) in commercial documents and other sports appear in front The frequency is higher, we must ensure the consistency of translation around and avoid the front and back of the vocabulary is not uniform, causing commercial misunderstanding. Because in Business English translation, this is inevitable due to cultural differences there are some deviations, or as a result of the translated text is more Kuse, difficult to understand, if the substitution phenomenon occurs in the same words, it can easily lead to business misunderstanding, especially for some of the commercial negotiations, it may be due to the difference between a word, the results differ miles.
2)the word (phrase) should be rigorous and precise use
Words (phrase) the use, to ensure simple and easy to understand, based on the same time we must ensure the accuracy and rigor of terms, such as acronyms, like mentioned above, as well as in professional terms (phrase) to use the should be avoided because of the randomness or inaccurate words (phrase) on the use, for commercial activities adversely affected.
3)using the conversion translation
In translation, in order to ensure a more understandable semantics, should make the appropriate adjustments and conversion on the part of speech according to the words (phrase) of usage scenarios, in order to ensure that the translated sentence can be more adapted to English usage. As in "we realize the need that some sectors must to industrialize (We recognize that some departments need to implement industrialization)" This sentence, the word "need", he transformed from a noun in the English sentence for Chinese verbs "need."
4)using addition and subtraction word translation
In translation, the translated sentence should be based on the need to add some appropriate words, to maintain the integrity of the sentence. Add words to ensure that does not change the semantics of the original, and selects the most accurate words, try to make the addition and subtraction word sentence meaning after optimization.
3.2 The sentence translation skills
1)Conversion of Translation
Business English is a courtesy of a strong stylistic characteristics, therefore, the use of language, and sometimes contain more tactful colors to express the general use of passive sentences, when translated into English, it should be noted as the case may be passive sentences into active sentences, so that the translated sentence is more in line with Chinese grammar habits and habits of expression. For example, the sentence "the wares should be transport by sea (cargo should be transported by sea)", if directly translated into "maritime cargo transport should be" and other sentences, the translation will appear ironic outcome.
2)anti-translation
Chinese and English expression used to exist on a different, longer sentences in English in general will be the most important part of the sentence to the front, while the Chinese are accustomed to every level to promote the most important means placed at the end of the sentence, in When translated, should be fully aware of this, try to make long sentences translated long sentences in line with the Chinese habit of expression through the use of a certain word association, highlighting key part of the meaning of the sentence, and to ensure consistency before and after the translation of the meaning.
Conclusion
English for Specific Purposes Business English is the international business activities of this particular service professional disciplines. Involved in a wide range of professional and has a unique linguistic phenomenon and expressive content stylistic complexity. Business English translation requirements translator has a wealth of knowledge of business theory and business practice, in order to improve the quality of translation. Translation itself must have certain conditions.
First, the translator of Chinese skills better. A lot of people tend to ignore it, think Chinese is their mother tongue, with their original foundation cope translation problem, is more than enough. However, in the real translation process. For a word or a sentence. Wrestling for a long time are not given a satisfactory result. Sometimes finally figured it out also feel less than ideal. Thus, the Chinese language skills and the ability to understand the size of the Chinese directly affect the quality of the translation. Work hard to learn Chinese. Lay the foundation for the Chinese translation is very important.
Second. English language ability is stronger. Comprehensive knowledge of grammar and lots of vocabulary indispensable. If only a lot of vocabulary without good knowledge of English grammar. Understanding the process of translation the translator must be full of mistakes. And irrelevant. So we want to improve the accuracy of accuracy in the English translation of the English sentence comprehension and expression in English translation in English.
Third. To a wide range of knowledge. Business English translation to be good to do this, we must grasp the business theory and business practice, such as theoretical knowledge and practical experience in trade. Meanwhile translator also has a wealth of encyclopedic knowledge of astronomy, geography, ancient and modern is not that familiar with, but also to understand some of the basics. No certain knowledge, language skills translator even be higher. Is unable to do the translation work.
In summary, business English translation to achieve both faithful to the original but also correct fluent, not only deep expertise and a solid grounding in grammar, but also the need for the international trade-related terms have a more comprehensive understanding. At the same time, but also to grasp the basic principles and techniques of business English translation. In the translation process and avoid too literally, ignoring details of the deal. Only effective combination of these two skills to find handy in business English translation. Foreign Economic and Trade in constant development, business English also need to constantly enrich and develop; only constantly learning new knowledge, accumulated experience, broaden their knowledge in order to make business English translation to really become standardized realm.
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