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Authors Seongwhan Park
Hanmin LeeEmail authorSeongwhan ParkJeongho Han
Conference paper
Concurrent Engineering Approaches for Sustainable Product Development in a Multi-Disciplinary Environment 2013
First Online: 10 August 2012
Computer-Aided Bicycle Design and Analysis System
1. Preface
With the development of human civilization, the problems of traffic congestion, environmental deterioration and the decline of people's health are common. More and more people are changing the way they travel, choosing bicycles as a means of transportation and fitness. With the rapid pace of life, traffic congestion, environmental degradation, people's health decline and other problems are widespread. Changing travel mode is one of the solutions to these problems. Cycling is not only convenient, energy saving and emission reduction, but also beneficial to physical and mental health. Bicycle as a walking fitness tool, it is the most active, the most green side of the environment. Method [2-3]. In order to promote the development of bicycle industry, innovative design methods must be introduced.
From the appearance of the early prototype of bicycle to the variety and variety of bicycle products today, it has experienced nearly 200 years of history. Today, although the whole bicycle industry is in a market contradiction of oversupply and demand, it is still a kind of short distance walking tool with clean, cheap and fitness functions, and has a broad development prospect in terms of its social benefits. Although many vehicles are more comfortable, faster and more convenient than bicycles in today's highly developed science and technology, people-oriented vehicles such as bicycles are becoming more and more popular. And become an important part of urban traffic. With the rapid development of bicycle industry, the technology and design have been greatly improved compared with before 1980s. Nowadays, bicycle enterprises pay more and more attention to the individuation of products. The bicycle shape has its particularity, its form is carried on under the premise of satisfying the function demand, meanwhile the personalization molding of the shape still has pertinence and directionality to the market demand. A certain scientific method can be used to define its personality characteristics. With the development of society, the progress of technology, the renewal of products and the quickening of life rhythm, people pay more attention to the convenience, comfort, reliability and value of products while enjoying material life. Safety, efficiency and other man-machine performance, at the same time social development into the information age, electronic, information products are becoming more and more mainstream, humanized high-tech intelligent products will replace the old products. From another angle of view, this requires that the bicycle be designed on the basis of ergonomics. More humanized and innovative. It can not only pay attention to the utility of the bicycle, but also integrate ease of use and entertainment into one. To meet the needs of consumers at all levels, to bring people full of life personality.
Creative design is to give full play to the creative talent of human beings and to make use of the principle of technology to carry out the design practice of innovative conception. The purpose of innovative design is to provide the products full of novelty and advanced nature for human society. Therefore, the basic features of innovative design are novelty and advanced nature. "novelty" is that the designer, regardless of previous achievements or others, dare to explore new ideas that have never been tried, and design unique products. "progressiveness" means that the designed product should not only be innovative, but also be one step ahead of the existing similar products in terms of technical level, that is, it shows new features and features in the aspects of function, performance, structure, etc. In the field of industrial design, both the improvement of traditional products and the development of new products need innovation.
Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out innovative design and conceptual design for bicycles.
2. The purpose and significance of the subject
Through the study of this subject, the system grasps the performance, the use and the design principle of the bicycle, designs the bicycle structure design and the movement simulation based on the virtual design method, understands the bicycle related knowledge and the basic method, Master relevant skills, cultivate innovative ability, comprehensively and extensively understand the latest developments in relevant fields at home and abroad, further understand and understand the knowledge learned, master the writing format and process of graduation thesis, Improving students' independent cultivation of modern design ideas can improve students' ability of thinking in images and creative thinking, and is conducive to the cultivation of good engineering quality and self-study ability. The ability of document retrieval and information processing was further improved.
3. Technical analysis
Virtual design technology is a comprehensive system technology formed by multi-disciplinary advanced knowledge. The essence of virtual design technology is based on computer supported simulation technology in the stage of product design. The whole process of product development and its impact on product design are simulated in real time and parallel, and the performance, cost, manufacturability, maintainability and disassembly of the product are predicted. In order to improve the success rate of product design. It also helps to organize manufacturing more effectively, economically and flexibly, and to make the design and layout of factories and workshops more reasonable and effective, so as to minimize the cost of product development cycle, optimize the quality of product design, and make production more effective. The maximization of efficiency.
Virtual design technology is composed of "virtual" product development activities, implemented by "virtual" product development organizations, and guaranteed by "virtual" product development resources. By analyzing the product information of "virtual" and the information of product development process, the author obtains the evaluation of the time, cost, quality and development risk of developing "virtual product", and then makes some suggestions on developing "virtual product" system and synthesis. The ultimate goal of virtual design technology is to shorten the product development cycle and the distance between product development and user.
The competition among modern countries includes the competition between enterprises, which is mainly the competition of high technology, science and technology is the first productive force, and science and technology make the productivity of enterprises increase greatly. With the popularization of computer and the wide application of CAD/CAM software, it is very convenient for modern enterprises to design and manufacture new products.
CATIA is a professional high-end CAD/CAE/CAM integrated application software developed by French company Dassault. It is a leader in the field of CAD/CAE/CAM in the world. Its content covers products from conceptual design, industrial modeling design, three-dimensional model design. Analysis and calculation, dynamic simulation and simulation, engineering drawing output, the whole process of production and processing into products, its application range involves machinery, aerospace, automobile, shipbuilding, general machinery, medical machinery and electronics and many other fields. As an important part of the PLM collaborative solution, it can help manufacturers design their The product comes and supports all industrial design processes from the pre-project phase, specific design, analysis, simulation, assembly to maintenance. Modular CATIA products are designed to meet the needs of customers in product development activities, including style and appearance design, mechanical design, equipment and systems engineering, management of digital prototyping, machining. Analysis and simulation. CATIA products are based on an open and extensible V5 architecture. By enabling enterprises to reuse product design knowledge and shorten development cycles, CATIA solutions accelerate the response of enterprises to market demands. It has been widely used in the market since 1999 Digital prototype process, making it the world's most commonly used product development system. CATIA has become the leading 3D design and simulation solution in seven areas: automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, plant design, power and electronics, consumer goods and general-purpose machinery manufacturing.
4. research findings
Although there are many advantages in the use of bicycles, there are still many disadvantages. People are constantly improving in design and use, and new models are constantly emerging [4]. The expansion and structure of bicycle products, the updating of materials and processes make product categories more complex and more classification methods. There are: 1 bicycles are divided into commuter vehicles (transport vehicles), leisure vehicles (off-road, travel or fitness vehicles), sports vehicles (training or racing vehicles) according to their use function or purpose of riding. Generally refers to the road or special ground racing car), athletics vehicle (climbing, speed down, slow riding, single wheel balance) Such as competitive or performance vehicles, also known as special vehicles, etc.; 2 according to the use of the environment or applicable road surface will be divided into: road bicycle, mountain bike, beach bicycle, all terrain bicycle; (3) bicycles can be divided into toy bicycles (for children under 4 years of age), children's bicycles (usually for children aged 4 to 8 years), children's bicycles (for children aged 8 to 14 years) and adult bicycles for children of different ages. Elderly bicycles, etc.; (4) the bicycle is divided into ordinary vehicle, folding car, shock absorber and so on according to the structural characteristics of the frame; 5, carbon steel car and aluminum are divided according to the material used in the main parts such as frame. Alloy car, alloy steel car, carbon fiber car, etc.
1. Demand for bicycles for children Nowadays, society is a competitive society. Many parents attach great importance to the training of their children. Many families are only children. Parents pay particular attention to the education and growth of their children. Therefore, the average family will buy a bicycle for children when they need it. On the one hand, they can cultivate the children's independence, on the other hand, they can make the children exercise. At present, the child bicycle market is relatively wide, basically all classes of families can afford.
2. Sales of children's bicycles Because of the particularity of children's bicycles, the relative usage of small towns and rural areas is relatively small. Most of the sales are concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and the sales target is mainly large and medium-sized cities. Through research, we find that, In Xi'an no matter each big supermarket or the children's bicycle sale point, the seller's business is all good, the sales volume is quite considerable, thus, the bicycle has the market prospect quite at present.
3. Types of children's bicycles on the market. According to some information we have searched on the Internet and in the market, several popular models of products in China are mainly: children's bicycles for good children, children's bicycles for children's happy brands, and children's bicycles for Zhiduo Star in Shanghai. Xinchao brand children's bicycle, Senxia brand children's bicycle, Haolaixi children's bicycle, New China brand's children's bicycle, ordinary children's bicycle according to boat, permanent blue cat child's bicycle, urban Beibei child's bicycle, and so on more than ten kinds of children's bicycle. Each kind of baby cart is divided into 12 inches, 14 inches, 16 inches, 18 inches according to the diameter of the wheel. In, 20 inches in five sizes, suitable for children of different ages.
4. The performance of children's bicycles sold on the market. At present, children's bicycles basically have most of the functions of adult bicycles. At the same time, some innovative points are added to attract children, and some improvements have been made in color and shape, which can basically meet the needs of children. The children's wagons seen in the market are generally equipped with front and back brakes, waterproof car bells, front shopping baskets, rear super large toolboxes, rear wheels equipped with safety wheels, etc., in order to meet the needs of children at the beginning of school, some children's wagons are equipped with shock absorbers. To meet the requirements of comfort.
5. Market prices for children's bicycles. Market prices for children's bicycles vary according to size and quality. The price range of children's wagons in the market is generally 120-400 yuan, in which 120-200 yuan is a low grade, 200-300 yuan is a middle grade, and 300-400 yuan is a high-grade car.
6. The price of a child's bicycle acceptable to consumers. Most consumers can accept market prices in the 200-400 yuan range.
The reasons for the analysis are mainly determined by the ratio of performance to price of the child vehicle: the quality of the child car in the range of 120-200 yuan is not very guaranteed, nor is the shape and structure very attractive to the attention of children and parents. The quality of children's carriages in the range of 200-400 yuan is generally similar and the price is acceptable. The quality of children's carriages above 400 yuan is no problem but the price is a bit high. As the children's wagons are suitable for children of a certain age group, the children may not be able to ride for a long time and put them on hold. Price-performance ratio is obviously not too high, although there is a certain market, but in the market is not very dominant.
Summary of the above can be obtained: 200-400 yuan between the most advantageous child car.
In the case of bicycles, human design is based more on ergonomics, how to make cycling more comfortable. Bicycle development for more than 100 years, ergonomics research has been very mature, and is still moving towards a more sophisticated direction [6]. The biggest drawback of ordinary bicycles is their incompatibility in terms of safety, comfort, labor-saving and so on. The speed of ordinary bicycle is low, laborious and comfortable degree is a big problem. From the research of ergonomics, we can see that ordinary bicycles have narrower seats and narrower triangles, which affect the movement of pedaling, especially mountain bikes, sports cars, racing cars, and even narrower seats. Lack of comfort makes drivers tired.
Bicycle design is a very important work, but also a professional shaking. Many countries with developed bicycle industry have invested a lot of manpower, material and financial resources in bicycle design, and achieved good results. Although our country is called the kingdom of bicycle production, there is still a gap between the product design and foreign advanced level. In order to raise the level of bicycle in our country quickly, we must make great efforts in the design work. Bicycle design involves a large number of calculation and technical problems, including the technical and economic indexes of bicycle design, the requirements and steps of bicycle design, the requirements of bicycle designers, and the influence of bicycle on power. Rate of mechanical factors, bicycle resistance, bicycle safety requirements, bicycle design requirements eight aspects [8].
The optimum design of human bicycle mechanism plays an important role in improving athletes' performance and protecting their health. Since the birth of bicycle, people have been constantly optimizing the design of bicycle from the point of view of human physiology. At present, the basic structure of bicycle has been fixed, but the optimization design of many geometric parameters has not been formed yet. The optimization of bicycle mechanism should proceed from the angle of mechanism, combine the physiological characteristics of human body, optimize the human body and bicycle mechanism, take the saving of effort as the main goal, give consideration to the comfort degree, and discuss the seat height of the vehicle seat. The relationship between crank length and human parameters (thighs and calves). The mapping relationship between these indexes and sitting height parameters is obtained, and the optimal design method of human bicycle mechanism is established.
At present, many scholars, research institutions and companies have begun to study the bicycle personalized design, and achieved some results. Some scholars use empirical formulas combined with programming and drawing for bicycle design. For example, Deng Yimin and Zhang Zhongyuan [10] based on human body size database, bicycle national standard database and bicycle experience database, combined with human-computer theory to design. Zhang Congmin, of Beijing University of Technology, analyzed 210 athletes' body size information and bicycle size information by using self-organizing data mining algorithm, and summed up the relationship between them. And take this as the design criterion of bicycle frame. Mclean and Parker [12] of Australia used statistical methods to study their own cyclists, and concluded that the saddle height should be about 100% of the span height. There are also many scholars using empirical formulas, focusing on improving cycling comfort to design bicycles. For example, Henri et al., of Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, [13] used an experimental study and a laboratory study to test the effect of frame parameters on the comfort of cyclists by summing up human body size parameters and testing participants. The data relationship between the comfort of the staff, the development of a commercial bicycle purchase system. For example, Professor Sharp [14] of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Surrey, UK, optimizes the parameters of standard bicycles (including wheel sizes, etc.) by theoretical calculation and simulation, in order to improve the stability of bicycles. The control of a cyclist over a bicycle. Some bicycle companies also design software according to empirical formula, collect the user's body and cycling habits and other parameters to design. For example, Seven customizes the forms that customers need to fill out, with a greater focus on people's feelings and comfort For the frame parameters such as wheel size and so on, customers often need to choose their own. Based on a large amount of information and data, combined with customers' special requirements, Seven designs comfortable bicycles for individuals.
The market requires bicycle enterprises to improve the efficiency of product development and to seize the market with the fastest time and the best product. Therefore, a new design and development method is needed to shorten the development cycle and improve the design quality. The traditional bicycle development process is realized by serial process, which is based on the sequential process. After the completion of the previous stage, the next stage begins, so the design time is long and can not meet the rapid market changes. Secondly, the coordination of departments is not close, increasing the number of round trips from design to production, and then to sales, and increasing unnecessary development costs. With the computer equipment, the network communication equipment price is incessant It is possible to apply concurrent engineering theory to the field of bicycle design and development. Pro/EUG,I-DEAS and other software are suitable for solid modeling design in design. After the modeling is finished, the ANSYS/NASTRAN can be input through the corresponding graphic interface program and the finite element analysis software can be used to analyze it. In the whole development stage of the product, PDM (Product data Management) is realized by using Pro/link, which realizes the data sharing and collaborative work among the members of the team. Concurrent engineering requires product developers to The design phase takes into account all requirements throughout the life cycle of the product, i.e. quality, cost, manufacturing, schedule, and market requirements. Because of the application of PDM technology, there is a unified product design model in the design process. The members of the bicycle project development team work synchronously. When one of the links has a problem, the others can react quickly. The introduction of concurrent engineering to the development of bicycle products shortens the development cycle, enhances the sensitivity of enterprises to market changes, helps to reduce costs and increase profits [15].
5. Summary
The concept bicycle indicates the future development of the bicycle. Because of the complicated structure of ordinary bicycle and the maintenance cost, the new mechanism is used to replace the traditional complex mechanism, and then the design purpose of the concept bicycle is achieved. The basic ideas of conceptual bicycle design and development are: PS hand-drawing based on design inspiration, mechanism design and product modeling through hand-drawn drawings, establishment of mathematical model, and analysis of its feasibility. An ideal design result is obtained [16].
