内容摘要： in China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimiz...
in China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system
At a daily basis, there are around 1.300.000 trips at the road network while the whole transportation network serves more than 2,5 million trips per day from which the 51% is made by private cars and the 39% via public means of transport
Due to the proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound to exist. This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car park facility developed are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, the smart parking system has been developed. With the implementation of the smart parking system, patrons can easily locate and secure a vacant parking space at any car park deemed convenient to them. Vehicle ingress and egress are also made more convenient with the implementation of hassle free payment mechanism. With vehicle detection sensors aplenty on the market, the choices made may defer due to the different requirements in addition to the its pros and cons.
vehicles are parked in the entrances and exits of rest areas although free parking spaces are available. Disorderly parked trucks in the roadways also hamper visibility and accessibility of free parking spaces. By the provision of parking information drivers can be directed to the most appropriate parking space supported
Compliance with European rules for maximum daily and fortnightly driving times , contributes to road safety for all road users. In case there are not enough legally designated parking spaces available, road safety can be reduced by disorderly parking trucks . Likewise accidents can be caused by fatigue or lack of attention .
In this paper, we define the online localized resource allocation problem, especially relevant for modeling transportation applications. The problem modeling takes into account simultaneously the geographical location of consumers and resources together with their online nondeterministic appearance. We use urban parking management as an illustration of this problem. In fact, urban parking management is an online localized resource allocation problem, where the question is how to find an efficient allocation of parking spots to drivers, while they all have dynamic geographical positions and appear nondeterministically. We define this problem and propose a multiagent system to solve it. The objective of the system is to decrease, for private vehicles drivers, the parking spots search time. The drivers are organized in communities and share information about spots availability.
Since arrivals of vehicles and length of parking time can be taken as a random (stochastic) variable and the empirical distribution of these variables then approximised with adequate theoretical distributions, for parking areas it is therefore possible to apply the analytical approach, i.e. to use formulas set out by the queuing theory in order to calculate the parking functioning ratio.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that by applying the queuing theory the optimal number of servers (ramps) in closed parking areas can be defined and that by applying the laid out model it is possible to make adequate business decisions regarding the planning and development of parking capacities
• The capital cost of a parking lot in this solution is several times lower;
• The total space index is lowered;
• The average time of parking in and out is shortened;
• Its reliability increases;
• The cost of exploitation of the parking is lowered
Landing interface is one of the more secure modules, its security is more important, it is to ensure that users secure access to the system channel, therefore, the design needs additional attention; the system on the landing module design rigorous planning ; First, the establishment of landing page design style, select high-quality pictures, cut into the table to join the page, adjust the reasonable location, add the appropriate text box and button control, its logo username, password; Second, the landing button Event processing, when the user clicks the login button, the system will account and password information passed to the landing page, and then the information and database login table account and password field information to check, if there is consistent with the data, you can think Is the trusted user, allowing access to the system; if there is no consistent data, suggesting that landing failed, re-landing; Finally, consider the security of the system, in the production process, to account and password input conditions, to avoid some irregular characters Into the system, resulting in system security risks , So this should pay more attention
The whole structure is composed of the upper part, the left part and the right part. The title of the upper main system is mainly composed of one picture. The left part is the function display area, which covers all the functional modules of the system. Background, text link placed on the production, the right side of the function of the system display area, mainly carrying some of the function of the display, when the administrator click on the left of the link, the right side of the region when the corresponding function, Design on the one hand is to reduce the code repetition rate, reducing the duplication of many pictures, contribute to the development and post-maintenance; from the interface can be seen, the system includes the main functions of account management, bulletin management, message management, password modification And so on functional modules, the administrator can only need to complete the correct operation
Parking management refers to the various strategies and policies adopted with an ultimate goal to relieve congested areas from traffic externalities by using in a more efficient way the existing parking resources and the urban space in general. Parking management explores current parking problems, deals with parking pricing and savings to be achieved by improved parking schemes, outlines specific strategies and the way they can be applied, attach importance
to the socioeconomic and environmental parameter of urban sustainability while focusing on specific mobility needs of each area. The literature review reveals a series of parking management strategies with different “dynamic” in congestion
relief. According to a recent report of the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (Litman, 2011), the recorded strategies refer either to direct measures tackling parking problems (parking regulations, shared parking, parking maximums etc.) or to indirect measures aiming to reinforce alternative to private car measures leading to lower parking demand (smart integrated growth, improved bicycle and walking facilities, mobility management).Not all the strategies reduce congestion; however all contributes to the better use of existing parking spaces and to a reduction in the amount of parking required at a destination.
The various measures having at times been used as a mean to reduce the negative effects of traffic not only affect the parking system of a city but also at the same time can affect the socio-economic structure and development of the urban area.For years, the so called traditional practices focused in the design and construction of new parking spaces by enhancing in this way the use of private vehicles and underestimating the key role that could be played by public transport and alternative ways of traveling in reducing congestion. In recent decades,this trend has changed and now what matters seems to be the effective management of existing infrastructure through a series of practices including the introduction of spatial and temporal restrictions, different parking pricing policies per zone,systematic enforcement, privileges to residents and employees
as regards parking spaces, thus policies able to lead to a lessprivate car dependent cities
The pricing of parking spaces can regulate the number of cars traveling within a region and can provide the most effective way to affect modal split. The increase in the price for longer parking duration leads to an increase in the availability of spaces for short-term parking. From the other side,the competent authority to implement a parking pricing policy must take into account several factors so as to present a scheme widely accepted as well as accessible.
Among these factors are:
• Fees per minute or hour for customer and visitor spaces depending on the special characteristics and the needs of the study area - Weekly or monthly fees for employeesnd residents
• Different fees (higher charges for peak hours)
• Fees integrated into the overall framework of mobility management policies
• Fees that cover part of the costs for the development of off-street parking spaces
• Fees that can cover the costs (or part thereof) of other supplementary policies
In total, a car is parked for around 20 hours per daywhile the average parking maneuver time is almost the 40% of the travel time. In large urban areas, congestion gets intensified in a daily base from parking maneuvers, illegal parking phenomena, lack of systematic enforcement of parking policies, non-compliance with the parking maximums and regulations, the lack of coordinated actions towards sustainable mobility initiatives adoption and the limited or fragmented information provision to passengers that could add to modal shift in favor of alternative to privatecar modes.
Parking management strategies play therefore a major role to ensure the balance between space supply and demand. An effective parking management strategy can mitigate congestion and improve road conditions of an urban center leading subsequently to a reduction of social and environmental impacts. It has been proved that the implementation of targeted policy for parking management can reduce up to 20–40% of the requirements in parking spaces compared to conventional strategies, providing multiple economic, social and environmental benefits.
