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译文：
浅谈光纤通讯技术
摘要:自上世纪光纤通信技术在全球问世以来，整个的信息通讯领域发生了本质的、革命性的变革，光纤通信技术以光波作为信息传输的载体，以光纤硬件作为信息传输媒介，因为信息传输频带比较宽，所以它的主要特点是:通信达到了高速率和大容量，且损耗低、体积小、重量轻，还有抗电磁干扰和不易串音等一系列优点，从而备受通信领域专业人士青睐，发展也异常迅猛。
光纤通信技术作为在实际运用中相当有前途的一种通信技术，已成为现代化通信非常重要的支柱。作为全球新一代信息技术革命的重要标志之一，光纤通信技术已经变为当今信息社会中各种多样且复杂的信息的主要传输媒介，并深刻的、广泛的改变了信息网架构的整体面貌，以现代信息社会最坚实的通信基础的身份，向世人展现了其无限美好的发展前景。
1光纤通信技术的发展历史总结
上世纪六十年代开始的光纤通信技术最开始起源于国外，当时研制的光纤损耗高达400分贝/千米，后来，英国标准电信研究所提出，在理论上光纤损耗能够降低到20分贝/千米，然后，日本紧接着研制出通信光纤的损耗是100分贝/千米，康宁公司基于粉末法研制出了损耗在20分贝/千米以下的石英光纤，到最近的掺锗石英光纤的损耗降低至0.2分贝/千米，已经接近了石英光纤理论上提出的损耗极限。
近十几年来，光纤通信技术有了长足的进展，其中的新技术也不断被发掘，大大提高了传统意义上的通信能力，这使得光纤通信技术在更大的范围内得到了应用。
光纤通信技术是指把光波作为信息传输的载波，以光纤作为信息传输的媒介，将信息进行点对点发送的现代通信方式。光纤通信技术的诞生及深入发展是信息通信史上一次重要的改革。光纤通信技术从理论提出到工程领域的技术实现，再到今天高速光纤通信的实现，前后经历了几十年的时间。
由以上光纤通信技术的发展历程，可以把光纤通信技术分为大致五个阶段，即850纳米波段的多模光波，到1310纳米多模光纤，到1310纳米单模光纤，再到1550纳米单模光纤，最后是长距离进行传输的光纤通信技术。
2光纤通信技术的现状研究
(1)光纤通信技术中的光纤接入技术。光纤接入网技术是信息传输技术的一个崭新的尝试，它实现了普遍意义上的高速化信息传输，满足了广大民众对信息传输速度的要求，主要由宽带的主干传输网络和用户接入两部分组成。其中后者起着更为关键的作用，即FTTH(意思是光纤到户)，作为光纤宽带接入的最后环节，负责完成全光接入的重要任务，基于光纤宽带的相关特性，为通信接收端的用户提供了所需的不受限制的带宽资源。
(2)光纤通信技术中的波分复用技术。即WDM，充分利用了单模光纤低损耗区的优势，获得了大的带宽资源。波分复用技术基于每一信道光波的频率和波长不同等情况出发，把光纤的低损耗窗口规划为许多个单独的通信管道，并在发送端设置了波分复用器，将波长不同的信号集合到一起送入单根光纤中，再进行信息的传输，而接收端的波分复用器把这些承载着多种不同信号的、波长不同的光载波再进行分离。
3光纤通信技术的发展趋势
(1)光接入网通信技术的更进一步发展。现存技术上的接入网依旧是双绞线铜线的连接，仍然是原始的、落后的模拟系统，而网络中的光接入技术的应用使其成为了全数字化的，且高度集成的智能化网络。
光接入网通信技术所要达到的主要目标有:最大程度的使维护费用得到降低，故障率得到明显下降;可以用于新设备的开发和新收入的不断增加;与本地网络相结合，达到减少节点数目和扩大覆盖面范围的目的;通过光网络的建立，为多媒体时代的到来做好准备;另外，可以最大化的利用光纤本身的一些优势特点。
(2)光纤通信技术中光传输与交换技术的融合一光接入网通信技术的后延。基于上述光接入网通讯技术的成熟发展，网络的核心架构己经得到了翻天覆地的改变，并正在日新月异的变化发展着，在交换和传输两方面来讲也都早已进行了好几代的更新。光接入网技术和光输与交换技术的融合技术，前者较后者在技术应用上有了一些技术上改进，从而也就提高了全网的往前的进一步有效发展，但此项技术相对来讲仍不成熟。
(3)新一代的光纤在光纤通信技术中的应用。传统意义上的G.652单模光纤已经在长距离且超高速的传送网络发展中表现出了力不从心的缺点，新一代光纤的研发己成为当今务实之需，它也构成了新一代网络基础设施建设工作的一个重要组成部分。在目前普遍需求的干线网和城域网的背景下，基于不同的发展需要，己经发展出了两种新一代光纤一非零色散光纤和全波光纤。
4、结束语
光纤通信技术现已作为一种重要的现代信息传输技术之一，在现在的信息社会背景下得到了普遍意义上的应用，在全球通信领域及相关行业在全球处于非常低迷的状态时，光纤通信技术仍得到了一些发展。依照我国现行的通信技术领域的发展模式，光纤通信技术的应用必会代替一切其他的信息传送方式，而成为未来通信领域发展的主流技术，带领人类进入全光时代!
原文：
Of optical fiber communication technology
Abstract: Since the fiber of the last century since the advent of communication technology in the world, the whole nature occurred in the field of information communication, and revolutionary change, optical fiber communication technology to transmit light as an information carrier, the optical transmission of hardware as an information medium, as information transmission band is wide, so it's main features are: high-speed communication and large reached capacity, and low loss, small size, light weight, and resistance to electromagnetic interference and crosstalk, and a series of benefits is not easy, so much communication expertise who favor the rapid development of abnormalities.
Optical fiber communication technology as a very promising practical application in a communication technology, has become a very important pillar of modern communication. As the world's next generation of information technology is one important symbol of the revolution, optical fiber communication technology has become today's information society, a variety of diverse and complex information of the main transmission medium, and deep, extensive information network architecture changes the overall appearance The most modern information society, the identity of a solid communications infrastructure, show the world its infinitely bright prospects for development.
A history of development of optical fiber communication technology summary
The sixties of last century began the beginning of optical fiber communication technology originated in foreign countries, the development of fiber loss was as high as 400 dB / km, and later, the British Standards Institute proposed telecommunications, in theory, can reduce fiber loss to 20 dB / km Then, the Japanese followed the loss of optical fiber communications developed is 100 dB / km, Corning developed a method based on loss of powder at 20 dB / km below the quartz fiber, to the nearest Ge-doped silica fiber loss down to 0.2 dB / km, close to the quartz fiber's loss limit in theory.
Over the last decade, optical fiber communication technology has made great progress, which is being constantly explore new technologies has greatly enhanced communications capabilities in the traditional sense, which makes optical fiber communication technology in a broader context has been applied.
Optical fiber communications technology refers to the transmission of light as an information carrier, the optical fiber as a medium of information transmission, the information point to point transmission of the modern means of communication. The birth of optical fiber communication technology and in-depth information and communication in the history of development is an important reform. Optical fiber communication technology from theory to the engineering technology field, to the realization of today's high-speed optical fiber communication, took a few years time.
The above course of development of optical fiber communication technology, optical fiber communication technology can be broadly divided into five stages, namely the 850 nm band multi-mode light to 1310 nm multi-mode fiber to 1310 nm single-mode fiber, and then to 1550 nm single mode optical fiber, and finally the long-distance transmission of optical fiber communication technology.
2 Status of optical fiber communication technology
(1) optical fiber communication technology in optical access technology. Optical Access Network technology is a new technology of information transmission attempt, which implements the general sense of high-speed information transmission, the general public to meet the requirements of speed of information transmission, mainly by broadband backbone transmission network and user access to two parts composition. The latter plays a more crucial role that the FTTH (fiber to the home means) as the last link in optical broadband access, responsible for completing the important task of all-optical access, optical fiber-based broadband-related features, for communication receivers end users with the bandwidth required for unlimited resources.
(2) optical fiber communication technology in WDM. The WDM, full use of the advantages of single mode fiber low loss region to obtain a large bandwidth resources. Each channel wavelength division multiplexing technology is based on the frequency and wavelength of light of different circumstances such as starting, low-loss optical fiber window to planning for a number of separate communication channels, set in the WDM transmitter, the different wavelengths signal set together into a single fiber, the longer the transmission of information, and the WDM receiver carries a variety of these different signals, different wavelengths of light to separate the carrier again.
3, the development trend of optical fiber communication technology
(1) further development of optical access network communication technology. Existing technology is still twisted-pair copper access network connection, is still primitive, backward simulation systems, and network access technology in the application of light to become a fully digital, intelligent and highly integrated network.
Optical access network communication technology to achieve the main objectives are to: maximize the maintenance costs are reduced, the failure rate has been markedly decreased; can be used for the development of new equipment and new income increasing; combined with the local network, to reduce the node The purpose of the number and scope of coverage; through the establishment of optical networks for multimedia era prepared; In addition, to maximize the use of some of the advantages of fiber characteristics.
(2) optical fiber communication technology in the integration of transmission and switching technology access network communication technology, after a delay. Communication technology based on the maturity of the development of optical access network, the network's core architecture has been a radical change and is changing and developing, both in terms of switching and transmission have also already been updated for several generations. Optical networks and optical transmission and switching technology, fusion technology, the former than the latter on the technology has some technical improvements, which will improve the whole network to further forward the effective development, but this technology is relatively speaking is still not mature.
(3) a new generation of optical fiber in optical fiber communication technology applications. Traditional G.652 single-mode fiber has high-speed long-distance transmission network and the development of powerless demonstrated the shortcomings of the development of a new generation of optical fiber has become the practical needs, it also constitutes a new generation of network infrastructure building an important part of the work. General demand in the current backbone network and metropolitan area networks in the background, based on different development needs, has developed two new generation of fiber a non-zero dispersion fiber and full-wave fiber.
4, Conclusion
Optical fiber communications technology is now available as an important one of modern information transmission technology, in the context of the current information society has been the application of common sense in the global communications and related industries in the world in a very depressed state, the optical fiber communication technology still got some development. In accordance with China's current development model of the field of communications technology, optical fiber communication technology will be replaced by any other means of information transmission, and become the mainstream of development communication technology, lead humanity into all-optical time!
