High wind pressure area sharing tower innovation scheme
First, the innovative background
In the course of the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the base station construction is essential in the construction of the type of communication tower is also increasing, mainly including single-tower, landscape tower, landscaping tower, bionic tower, landscaping antenna, , Four towers, three towers, pull tower, cage, elevated rack and so on. From the mid-1970s to the present, with the continuous development of mobile communication technology, wireless communication users continue to increase, need to build a large number of wireless communication base stations.
In the mid-1970s to the mid-80s, during this period, mobile communication technology mainly used the first generation of communication letter technology simulation standard, the number of domestic domestic wireless telephone users less, when the base station construction is mainly concentrated in the town, the tower type is mainly four corners , The height is generally about 60 to 70 meters (some tower can use the base station where the height of the building, built at the top of the building), base station coverage is generally 10 to 15 km.
In the late 1980s and now, with the development of digital electronic technology, starting from the second generation of mobile communication technology 2G, especially China 3G, 4G network of comprehensive construction, become China's wireless communications business development of the golden period. The number of wireless communication users is increasing, in order to meet the customer's wireless communication needs. Need to add a new base station or the original base station expansion, transformation. As the number of users at this time, the density increases, the base station construction process in the antenna hanging high requirements down, generally more than 40 meters to 50 meters. The new base station of the tower mainly to the angle of the main tower, while in the process of building a town can use the base station where the height of the building, at the top of the building construction cable mast, roof pole, cage and other tower mast. Some base stations can be in the original tower above the platform or antenna to increase the pole, to meet the base station antenna equipment installation requirements.
In the early development of China's wireless communications business, the operator base station construction using a large number of angle steel tower products, the main advantage of such products is easy to carry, suitable for all types of scenes station. Disadvantages are: covers an area of large, modeling a single, affecting the appearance. In recent years, the rent is difficult, difficulties and other issues, often plagued the operators. Especially in urban areas, due to the city population is dense, the traffic is large, need to build the number of base stations more. Base station construction is necessary to solve the large area, modeling unsightly and so on, so there has been a conical single tube tower products, single tube tower product features is: small footprint, generally accounted for 3 to 4 square meters, is The original height of the steel tower covers an area of about 1/10, and single-tube tower products within the climb design, installation, commissioning more convenient and safe. Later, according to the needs of base station construction, in order to adapt to different scenes of the base station construction, communication tower products continue to introduce new, mainly landscape tower, landscaping tower, integrated base station, environment-friendly base station (prefabricated base station), landscaping antenna.
In the coastal areas, especially in the economically developed regions, due to the strong construction and sharing requirements of the towers, it is necessary to actively solve the sharing problems brought by the high wind pressure in the coastal areas. I organized the technical team for the coastal high-pressure base station tower construction development and design of new products, while the high pressure area stock tower construction and sharing issues were studied.
Second, innovation goals
Solving the Problem of Co - construction and Sharing of the Reconstruction of High - pressure Area.
Third, the main innovative measures
1, high wind pressure area is currently sharing the main challenges facing the transformation
At present, the operators have built a large number of towers, complex structure, a triangular steel tower, four angle steel tower, three towers, four towers, pull tower, standard single tube tower, non-standard single tube tower, various types of landscape Towers, pole towers, bionic trees, fast-mounted portable base stations, prefabricated base stations and other structures and shapes. Various types of tower structure, force parameters, the number of reserved platform, maintenance level is not the same, resulting in the sharing capacity of each tower are inconsistent.
2, to enhance the stock of iron tower resource utilization
In order to take full advantage of the stock tower to share the transformation, to improve the sharing capacity of the stock tower, and to ensure that the transformation of the tower to meet the design requirements and safe use, our company made the following recommendations:
1) commissioned by the qualified units of the inspection of the stock tower to confirm the safety of the stock tower, the existence of security risks of the stock tower proposed rectification proposals; preliminary judgment on the base station to confirm whether to meet the requirements of shared transformation.
2) commissioned by a qualified design unit on the current safe, can be modified to the design of the tower to review the tower can be shared transformation of the proposed transformation of the tower.
3) commissioned a qualified tower manufacturers, the need for a shared transformation of the tower according to the design drawings corresponding to the transformation, so that it has or improve the sharing capacity.
3, to determine the high wind pressure area of the new model, the tower to share capacity reserved.
In the coastal high-pressure base station construction process, fully consider the current three major operators base station 3G, 4G build sharing needs, taking into account the future 5G network construction antenna mount needs, in the design to take full account of the future base station construction demand.
Fourth, work to promote the plan
1. Basic information collection
Combined with the operator to build a new site database, through the stock base station data analysis, matching success, further site survey. Through the investigation of the depth of the stock base station capacity analysis, such as: foreign electricity capacity, room space, tower mast space,
Indoor power capacity capacity calculation, the existing network base station sharing capacity, feedback to the shared operators to share.
(1) the operator needs to collect new information. Mainly to collect new base station station name, latitude and longitude, hanging high, the number of new systems and other information.
(2) after the match of the stock base station information depth survey. Through the stock base station database matching after the success of the matching base station survey. The main information collected is: latitude and longitude, height, room space, indoor power capacity, feeder window, ground row, tower type, external capacity, the number of existing antenna and other key information. In order to provide the next step base station capability analysis
Necessary and detailed data, the base station at this stage to provide strong data support.
2. Site sharing capabilities analysis
For the stock site sharing potential analysis, combined with the needs of operators to build a new base station, you can draw the existing stock base station capacity assessment conclusions, to further determine the stock base station transformation content, to the maximum extent to meet the requirements of operators,
Speed to promote the use of stock base stations. The main ability of the day surface space carrying capacity, engine room power, room space and so on.
3. stock tower transformation mode
The contents of the basic transformation of the stock: the new pole, platform and other simple transformation.
Fifth, can promote the analysis
According to my company in the regional engineering practice case, the feasibility of the transformation of the stock tower. Base station tower transformation process is divided into: the preparation of pre-transformation, renovation project, the transformation of the three processes, in the implementation of the renovation project, the first base station tower design parameters need to be audited by the original design unit, and according to customer requirements to provide rectification program. Construction units to carry out the transformation project must be in strict accordance with the requirements of the transformation of the design requirements of construction, to ensure the safety and quality of the renovation project.
1) in the original platform to increase the antenna pole.
2) add a layer of days support pole platform.
3) to remove the original platform, the use of simple platform.
4) to remove the original platform, the new support pole.
5) reduce the platform height.
6) Lower tower height.
7) increase the cable.
8) Replace the day support pole (use lengthened pole).
With the China Tower Company to the operators of the stock tower assets to receive, you can build the tower of the company's stock tower database, according to the regional network construction needs analysis, inventory and planning requirements of the tower and then arrange the relevant technical personnel to conduct on-site investigation, Specific stock tower transformation program.
外文翻译：高风压区域共享铁塔改造创新方案
一、 创新背景
在无线通信技术不断发展的历程中，基站建设中必不可少的通信铁塔产品的种类也在不断增加，主要包括单管塔、景观塔、美化塔、仿生塔、美化天线、四角塔、三角塔、四管塔、三管塔、拉线塔、围笼、增高架等。从20世纪70年代中期到现在，随着移动通信技术的不断发展，无线通信用户规模不断增大，需要建设大量的无线通信基站。
在70年代中期到80年代中期，这段时期移动通信技术主要采用第一代通信信技术模拟制式，中国国内无线电话用户数量较少，当时基站建设主要集中在城镇中，铁塔类型主要为四角铁塔，高度一般在60~70米左右（有些塔体可利用基站所在大楼的高度，建设在大楼顶部），基站覆盖范围一般在10~15公里左右。
在80年代末至现在，随着数字电子技术的发展，从第二代移动通信技术2G开始，特别中国3G、4G网络的全面建设，成为中国无线通信事业发展的黄金期。无线通信用户数量不断增加，为了满足客户的无线通信需求。需要新增加基站或对原有基站进行扩容、改造。由于此时的用户数量多、密度增大，基站建设过程中天线挂高要求降低下来，一般在40米~50米左右较多。新建的基站的铁塔主要以角钢塔为主，同时在城镇建站过程中可以利用基站所在大楼的高度，在大楼顶部建设拉线桅杆、楼顶抱杆、围笼增高架等塔桅。有些基站可以直在在原有铁塔上面增加平台或天线抱杆，来满足基站天线设备安装的要求。
在中国无线通信事业发展初期，运营商基站建设采用了大量的角钢塔类产品，这类产品主要优点就是搬运方便，适合各类型场景建站。缺点是：占地面积大，造型单一，影响美观。近几年，租地难、建站难等问题，时常困扰着各运营商。特别是城市区域覆盖，由于城市人口密集、话务量大，需要建设的基站数量更多。基站建设就要解决占地面积大、造型不美观等问题，于是就出现了圆锥形单管塔产品，单管塔产品的特点就是：占地面积小，一般占在3~4平方米，是原来同高度角钢塔占地面积的1/10左右，而且单管塔产品采用内爬式设计，安装、调试时更加方便，安全。后期根据基站建设的需求，为了适应不同场景的基站建设，通信铁塔产品也不断的推陈出新，主要有景观塔、美化塔、一体化基站、环保型基站（预制基础式基站）、美化天线等。
针对沿海地区，特别在经济发达区域，由于铁塔新建和共享需求非常密集，需要积极破解沿海区域高风压带来的共享难题。我公司组织技术团队针对沿海高风压地区基站铁塔建设进行开发设计新产品，同时对高风压地区存量铁塔共建共享问题进行了研究。
二、 创新目标
解决高风压地区存量塔的改造共建共享问题。
三、 主要创新措施
1、 高风压区域目前共享改造面临的主要难题
目前各运营商所建造的铁塔种类繁多，结构复杂，有三角角钢塔、四角角钢塔、三管塔、四管塔、拉线塔、标准单管塔、非标准单管塔、各种类型的景观塔、灯杆塔、仿生树、快装便携式基站、预制基础基站等各种结构及造型。各种类型铁塔的结构、受力参数、预留平台数量，维护程度不一样，导致每个铁塔的共享能力均不一致。
2、提升存量铁塔资源利用率
为了能充分利用存量铁塔进行共享改造，提高存量铁塔的共享能力，并且确保改造后的铁塔能满足设计要求和安全使用， 我公司提出以下建议：
1) 委托有资质的检测单位对存量铁塔进行一次检查，确认存量铁塔的安全性，对存在安全隐患的存量铁塔提出整改建议；对基站进行初步判断，确认是否满足共享改造的要求。
2) 委托有资质的设计单位对目前安全的、可改造的存量铁塔进行设计复核，对可进行共享改造的铁塔提出改造方案。
3) 委托有资质的铁塔厂家，对需要进行共享改造的铁塔按设计图纸进行相应的改造，使其具备或提高共享能力。
3、确定高风压区域的新建模型，进行杆塔共享能力预留。
在沿海高风压地区基站建设过程中，充分考虑目前三大运营商基站3G、4G共建共享需求，同时考虑到未来5G网络建设天线挂载需求，在设计时就充分考虑到未来基站建设的需求。
四、 工作推进计划
1. 基础信息收集
结合运营商新建站点数据库，通过对存量基站数据分析， 匹配成功后，进一步进行站点勘察。通过勘察对存量基站进 行深度能力分析，如：外市电容量、机房空间、塔桅空间、
室内电源容量进行测算，得出现网基站共享能力，反馈给共 享运营商进行共享。
（1）各运营商新建需求信息收集。主要收集新建基站 站名、经纬度、挂高、新增系统数等信息。
（2）匹配之后 的存量基站信息深度勘察。通过存量基站数据库进行匹配成功之后，进行匹配基站勘察。主要收集信息为：经纬度、高度、 机房空间、室内电源容量、馈线窗、地线排、塔型、外电容量、 现有天线数量等关键信息。以便给下一步基站能力分析提供
必要和详实的数据，对基站现阶段利用提供有力数据支撑。
2. 站点共享能力分析
对于存量站点共享潜力分析，结合以及运营商新建基站 的需求，可以得出对现有存量基站能力评估结论，进一步确 定存量基站改造内容，在最大程度上满足运营商的要求，快
速促成存量基站的利用。主要能力有天面空间承载能力、机 房动力、机房空间等。
3. 存量塔改造方式
存量改造内容基本为：新增抱杆、平台等简单改造。
五、 可推广性分析
根据我公司在各区域工程实践案例，对存量铁塔改造可行性分析。基站铁塔改造流程主要分为：改造前期准备、改造工程中、改造后三个过程，在实施改造工程前，首先原基站铁塔设计参数需要通过原设计单位审核，并根据客户要求提供整改方案。施工单位进行改造工程必须严格按照改造设计方案要求进行施工，确保改造工程的安全质量。
1）在在原有平台上增加天线抱杆。
2）新增一层天支抱杆平台。
3）拆除原有平台，使用简易平台。
4）拆除原有平台，新增天支抱杆。
5）降低平台高度。
6）降低塔高。
7）增加拉线。
8）更换天支抱杆（使用加长抱杆）。
随着中国铁塔公司对各运营商存量塔资产接收后，可以建立铁塔公司的存量塔数据库，根据各地区网络建设需求进行分析，存量铁塔与规划要求匹配后再安排相关技术人员进行现场勘察，确定具体的存量铁塔改造方案。
