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摘要
液压打桩锤是用于建筑、桥梁、码头等桩基础施工中打入预制桩的桩工机械。随着科学技术的进步，预制桩施工机械由落锤、汽锤、柴油锤，发展到了液压打桩锤。用液压打桩锤打桩，可以调整撞击应力波波形，减小应力峰值，延长有效作用时间，是一种比较理想的预制桩施工机械，目前在发达国家已被广泛使用，并形成了系列化。本文应用冲击机械系统动力学分析打桩过程中锤体与桩撞击时应力波的产生、传播以及该波对沉桩过程的影响。认为与桩等波阻的细长状锤体能够产生理想的应力波波形;在桩锤重量一定的情况下，可针对不同的地质情况和桩，通过选择不同刚度的桩帽和桩垫与其匹配来提高打桩效率。本文对双缸双作用液压扣一桩锤液压系统的结构和工作原理进行了深入的研究，并在此基础上设计出六吨双缸双作用液压打桩锤的液压系统和电控系统。由于液压打桩锤液压系统是一个复杂的非线性系统，本文采用功率键合图法建立液压打桩锤上行、下降的键合图模型和状态空间方程，通过四阶龙格---库塔法和预估---校正法相
结合编制了仿真程序对状态空间方程求解，在Mat lab 6. 5中进行液压系统的动态仿真，获得液压打桩锤运动过程中压力、位移、速度、加速度等随时间变化的曲线图。此曲线图方便了对液压系统动态特性分析，为液压系统的设计和参数优化提供了有益的借鉴。最后，在深入分析双缸双作用液压打桩锤控制系统的功能要求后，采用了以现代计算机技术为基础的新型工业控制装置-PLC可编程控制器，设计出了双缸双作用液压打桩锤的电器控制系统。PLC体积小、功能强、可靠性高、能适应建筑施工机械恶劣的野外环境。通过PLC电控系统可以准确选择不同的上升、下降和保压时间，使得液压打桩锤具有不同的下打高度，从而获得不同的打击末速度，提高了液压打桩锤对不同土壤的适应能力。
关键词:双缸双作用液压扫一桩锤;数值仿真; 可编程控制器。
ABSTRACT
Hydraulic pile hammer is one of the pile driving machines that drive prefabricated piles into the ground in the construction of pile foundation such as construction, bridge, dock, etc. With the development of science and technology ,the prefabricated pile driving machines evolve from block hammer ,steam-hammer ,diesel hammer to hydraulic hammer .Hydraulic pile hammer is one of ideal prefabricated pile driving machines because it can adjust stress waveform ,decrease stress peak value, prolong effectual action when it drives piles .Hydraulic pile hammer is used widely and formed series in developed countries now. Mechanical impact dynamics is used to analyze the production and spread of stress wave when hydraulic pile hammer blows piles, the stress wave influence the course of driving pile. Slender hammed that is equal to wave resistance of the pile can bring ideal stress waveform. When the hammer weight is constant，efficiency of driving pile can be increased by means of selecting drive cap and cushion pad of different rigidity to match the hammer according to various geological condition and the pile. The structure and principium of hydraulic system of double-acting hydraulic pile hammer with double cylinders is studied in detail in the paper, the hydraulic system and electric control system of six-ton-double-acting hydraulic pile hammer with double cylinder is designed on the basis of it. Power bond graph is used to established the bond graph model of the lifting and dropping of hydraulic pile hammer and state space equation in the paper for hydraulic pile hammer is perplexing nonlinear system. In order to attain the graph that pressure, position, velocity, acceleration vary with time in the course of driving pile ,simulation procedure solving state space equation is designed
on the basis of combining four-order Run ge-Kutta method with predicator-correct or method, dynamic simulation of the hydraulic system is studied in MATLAB 6.S.It inconvenient to analyze dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic system, beneficial to the design and parameter optimization of the hydraulic system. In the final part of the paper, under detailed analysis of the control characteristics for double-acting hydraulic pile hammer with double cylinders, control system based on the programmable logic controllers founded on technology of modern compute is designed. PLC has small cubage, strong function, higher liability, ability to adapt abominable field environment of construct machine to face. In order to improve adaptive ability of hydraulic pile hammer to various soil, various finial velocity and dropping length must be obtained by adjusting time of lifting, dropping and keeping pressure that is accurately selected by the control system of PLC。
Words: Double-Acting Hydraulic Pile Hammer With Double Cylinders;
Numerical Simulation; Programmable Logic Controllers
目录
摘要.......................................................................................................................1
目录.......................................................................................................................3
第一章.绪论..........................................................................................................5
1. 1桩基础简介…... ........................................................................................5
1. 2设桩设备....................................................................................................6
1. 2. 1设置打入式预制桩设备....................................................................6
1.2.2设置钻孔式就地灌注桩设备..............................................................7
1. 3液压打桩锤................................................................................................7
I. 4国内外发展现状.........................................................................................9
1. 5本课题的研究内容....................................................................................9
第二章.液压打桩锤的动力学分析......................................................................10
2. 1一维弹性杆的波动方程............................................................................11
2. 2波动方程的数值解....................................................................................13
2. 3打桩锤与桩撞击的应力波........................................................................17
2. 4打桩锤与桩撞击的波动力学分析............................................................20
2. 4. 1塑性介质下的系统动力学分析........................................................22
2. 4. 2弹性介质下的系统动力学分析........................................................23
2. 4. 3锤、桩和桩帽(含桩垫)的匹配..........................................................24
2. 5锤体结构的反演设计................................................................................24
2. 5. 1桩锤应力波反演设计方法................................................................24
2. 5. 2反演设计是一种现代设计方法........................................................25
2. 5. 3锤体结构的反演设计........................................................................25
第三章.双缸双作用液压打桩锤液压系统数值仿真..........................................26
3. I计算机仿真及其在液压系统中的应用.....................................................26
3.1.1仿真的基本概念..................................................................................26
3. I. 2仿真系统的分类.................................................................................27
3. 1. 3仿真技术在液压系统中的应用........................................................28
3. 2动态系统的数学模型. ..............................................................................29
3. 2. 1传递函数............................................................................................29
3. 2. 2状态空间模型....................................................................................30
3. 2. 3动态方程组........................................................................................30
3. 3液压打桩锤液压系统…............................................................................31
3. 3. 1单作用自由下落式............................................................................31
3.3.2双作用加速下落式…..........................................................................31
3. 3. 3双缸双作用液压打桩锤液压原理....................................................32
3.3.4液压系统建模......................................................................................33
3. 3.5仿真参数的确定.................................................................................33
3.3.6状态方程的求解..................................................................................40
3.3.7仿真结果分析......................................................................................43
第四章.控制系统设计..........................................................................................44
4. 1 PLC控制系统设计的基本内容................................................................44
4. 2 PLC控制系统设计步骤. ..........................................................................45
4. 3双缸双作用液压打桩锤的PLC控制系统设计.......................................46
4. 3. 1双缸双作用液压打桩锤的控制要求.................................................46
4.3.2双缸双作用液压打桩锤液压系统的工作原理. .................................47
4. 3. 3 PLC选型.............................................................................................47
4. 3. 4 I /0地址分配.......................................................................................48
4. 3. 5控制箱面板.........................................................................................49
4. 3. 6 PLC外部接线图. ...............................................................................50
4. 3. 7 PLC系统程序设计.............................................................................50
第五章.研究总结及展望.......................................................................................54
5. 1研究工作总结.............................................................................................54
5. 2研究展望.....................................................................................................54
参考文献................................................................................................................55
附录....................................................................................................................... 56
致谢....................................................................................................................... 57
