数控激光雕刻机机架设计
摘 要
激光是一种经受激辐射产生的加强光，它具有高亮度，高方向性，高单色性和高相关性四大综合性能。激光加工是工件在光热效应下产生高温熔融忽然受冲击波抛出的综合过程。数控激光加工是常用的一种加工方法，数控激光雕刻机的加工对象:有机板、布料、纸、皮革、橡胶、厚纸板、密集版、发泡棉、美耐皿、玻璃、塑胶，以及其它非金属。数控激光雕刻技术已广泛用于机械工业，电子工业，国防和人民生活等许多领域。
机架设计是数控激光雕刻机设计的主要部分。该部分包括激光路线的设计，导轨系统的设计，同步带系统的设计三个部分。导轨系统在机架中主要起导向和支撑作用，其主要部件是导轨副。本设计中要求在二维平面内实现数控加工，因此，可用两组导轨副以及一些附件来满足要求。第一组导轨副由两根平行的直线导轨组成，与机床床身相连接。第二组导轨副位于一根矩形横梁之上，横梁固定在第一组导轨副的两个动滑块上。这两组导轨副分别由一个步进电动机通过同步带系统驱动，从而实现在X轴，Y轴方向的二维加工。
关键词：激光加工，导轨副，同步带
CNC Laser Engraving Machine Design
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Abstract
Laser radiation is a shock through the strengthening light, it has a high-brightness, high-directional, high monochrome and high coherence of the four properties. Laser processing is part of the light and heat produced by high-temperature melting all of a sudden shock wave threw out the comprehensive process. The number controls the laser machine is in common use a kind of process the method, CNC laser engraving can be used for processing board, cloth, paper, leather, rubber, cardboard, intensive version of the foam, melamine, glass, plastic and other non-metallic materials .CNC laser engraving technology has been widely used in industrial machinery, electronic industry, national defense and people's lives and many other fields.
NC rack design laser engraving machine is a major part of the design. The laser line, including some of the design of the rail system design, the timing belt system designed in three parts. Rail system from the rack in the role of guidance and support, and its main component is the Deputy Guide. The design called for the realization of two-dimensional plane of the NC, therefore, can guide the two groups and some of the annex to meet the requirements. The first group of rails by two parallel linear guide components, machine tools and connected to bed. The second group of rails in a rectangular beams above the fixed beams in the first group of the two rails on the fixed slider. The two rails by a deputy stepper motor through the belt-driven system to achieve X-axis, Y-axis of two-dimensional processing.
Key words: Laser processing, Vice Guide, The timing belt
目 录
1 绪论 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1背景及目的 …………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2国内外数控技术发展的状况 ………………………………………………………… .2
1.3数控机床及数控雕刻机的特点 ……………………………………………………… 3
1.4数控雕刻机的适用范围 ……………………………………………………………… 4
2总体方案设计 ………………………………………………………………………………5
2.1机架设计的准则与要求 ……………………………………………………………… 5
2.2机架的总体设计 ……………………………………………………………………… 5
3导轨副系统的设计 …………………………………………………………………………6
3.1导轨支撑架的设计 …………………………………………………………………… 6
3.2导轨副的选择 ………………………………………………………………………… 6
3.3导轨的材料与热处理 ………………………………………………………………… 7
3.4导轨额定寿命计算 …………………………………………………………………… 8
4同步带系统的设计 ………………………………………………………………………10
4.1同步带的选择 ……………………………………………………………………… 10
4.2带轮的结构和尺寸 ………………………………………………………………… 14
4.3同步带系轴承的选择 ……………………………………………………………… 14
4.4轴承额定寿命计算 ………………………………………………………………… 15
4.5末端轴承座的设计 ………………………………………………………………… 16
4.6带轮轴轴承座的选择 ……………………………………………………………… 17
4.7带轮轴的设计 ……………………………………………………………………… 18
4.8带轮挡圈的设计 …………………………………………………………………… 18
4.9末端轴的设计 ……………………………………………………………………… 19
结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
参考文献 …………………………………………………………………………………… 22
