摘    要

农业机械化是农村生产发展水平的重要标志，是农业和农村经济持续稳定健康发展和实现农业现代化的重要物质技术保障。加快发展农业机械化，是全面建设小康社会、率先基本实现现代化的现实要求。加快发展农业机械化，是推动农业和农村经济结构调整、提升农业产业化水平的有效途径。大力开发和应用配套农机技术及机具，可以为农业产业结构调整提供强有力地技术支撑；围绕产业特色，发展农机推广项目。可为农业产业结构调整激发师范效应，促进产业的优化升级，建立区域性的农机服务网络，加快推进农业产业化步伐。加快发展农业机械化，是实现农村劳动力转移，推进城镇化进程的有力举措。

大豆播种机主要由种箱，排种器，播种轮组成。播种轮上面采用轮式鸭嘴器结构。大豆播种机两侧的上部各有一个种箱，两个种箱的下部各有组合内窝孔精密排种器，以此来配合轮式鸭嘴器结构。轮式鸭嘴器的结构由两个圆形的播种轮中间用套筒连接构成一个轮子。垄距的要求是轮子的播种宽度和套筒的宽度来实现的。轮子两侧，播种轮周边有若干个槽，每个槽上装鸭嘴器，株距由鸭嘴器的间距来实现。鸭嘴器的作用是在铺膜施肥后的垄土上拨开松土壤，鸭嘴器转到与地面垂直的时候是最深的时候，就是达到播深要求的时候鸭嘴器张开口最大，这时从种箱通过排种器排出的种子经过导种管落到播种轮内壁上，内壁的种子经过鸭嘴器落到土壤中。鸭嘴器的长度应满足播种深度，当鸭嘴器离开土壤后，土壤在重力作用下将种子埋住。本文主要介绍了大豆播种机的工作原理及其所能完成的任务。通过普通拖拉机的牵引带动播种轮的转动，进而通过鸭嘴器的开合实现大豆的机械化播种，大大提高播种的效率，提高劳动生产力。通过对设计要求的分析，此系统主要由播种轮，鸭嘴器来完成播种要求。在拖拉机行进过程中，由播种器的轮子带动播种轮的转动，通过安装在播种轮上的鸭嘴器插入离开土壤，完成播种。此设计主要适用于大面积的土地耕种，可以取代人工播种，降低劳动强度，提高效率，有利于在繁忙时节完成播种要求。

关键词：播种机；播种轮；鸭嘴器；促张杆；连接筒

ABSTRACT

Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of the level of development of rural production, an important material and technical guarantee for the sustained, stable and healthy development of agriculture and rural economy and the realization of agricultural modernization. Speeding up the development of agricultural mechanization is to build a well-off society in an all-round way. To accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization is an effective way to promote the structural adjustment of agriculture and the rural economy and to upgrade the level of agricultural industrialization. It can provide strong technical support for the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, develop agricultural machinery extension project around the characteristics of industry, and stimulate the normal effect for the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. To promote the optimization and upgrading of industry, to establish regional agricultural machinery service network, to speed up the pace of agricultural industrialization, and to speed up the development of agricultural mechanization is a powerful measure to realize the transfer of rural labor force and promote the process of urbanization.

The soybean seeding machine is mainly composed of a seed box, a seeding device and a seeding wheel. The top of the seeding wheel is a wheeled duck beak. There is a seed box on each side of the soybean planter, and the lower part of each of the two seed boxes is equipped with a combined inner hole precision seeding device. The structure of the wheeled duckbill consists of two round sowing wheels connected by a sleeve to form a wheel. The ridge spacing requirement is achieved by the width of the seeding width of the wheel and the width of the sleeve. There are several grooves around the seeding wheel, each with a duckbill, the spacing of which is realized by the spacing of the duckbill. The role of the duckbill is to remove the loose soil from the ridged soil after mulching and fertilizing Soil, when the duck mouthpiece is perpendicular to the ground, it is the deepest time, that is, when it reaches the requirement of sowing depth, the opening of the duck mouthpiece is the largest. At this time, the seeds discharged from the seeding box through the seeding device pass through the seed guide tube and fall onto the inner wall of the seeding wheel. The seeds of the inner wall pass through the duckbill and fall into the soil. The length of the duckbill shall be equal to the depth of the seeding, when the duckbill leaves the soil, The soil buries the seeds under the action of gravity. This paper mainly introduces the working principle of the soybean seeder and the tasks it can accomplish. The rotation of the seeding wheel is driven by the traction of the ordinary tractor. The mechanized sowing of soybean was realized by the opening and closing of duck mouthpiece, and the effect of sowing was greatly improved. Through the analysis of the design requirements, this system mainly consists of seeding wheel and duck mouthpiece to fulfill the seeding requirement. In the course of the tractor travel, the sowing wheel is driven by the wheel of the seeder to drive the rotation of the seeding wheel. By inserting the duckbill mounted on the sowing wheel to leave the soil to complete the seeding, this design is mainly suitable for the cultivation of large areas of land, which can replace artificial sowing, reduce labor intensity, and improve efficiency. In favor of the busy season to complete the seeding requirements.

Keywords: planter; seeding wheel; duckbill; tensioner; connecting cylinder