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摘 要
本设计主要基于现有大蒜种植机进行改进设计，主要用于大蒜机械化种植，实现链式捧种器。通过对蒜瓣形状特征的统计研究，设计了一种取蒜勺，与排种器结构特点进行取种、稳种、清种、捧种四个阶段的有机结合，试验表明使转勺式排种器的精密取种率达到了92％以上．完成了排种器及其他重要工作参数的计算和结构设计。为解决蒜瓣种植农艺要求中蒜尖朝上直立种植的要求，本文研究的大蒜种植机械设计了蒜瓣垂直插入直立投种机构。它的作用在于：首先利用转勺式排种器将蒜瓣从蒜种箱中取出，然后转勺式排种器的蒜勺中的蒜瓣在转勺式排种器在转动过程中产生的离心力的作用下抛到对应的滑道中，当蒜瓣和挡板碰撞时由于重力作用会自行改变方向。大蒜种植机的设计主要包括种植机的蒜种箱、转勺式排种机构、开沟种植机构、传动机构、覆土机构以及整机的装配。
本文主要包括大蒜种植机的蒜种箱设计、转勺式排种机构设计、覆土镇压机构的选择以及仿形，整机装配的设计。选用刮板式覆土装置进行覆土作业，同时加以仿形机构，改善覆土作业的效果；整机的装配保证各机构位置之间合理，结构紧凑，保证合理行距且整机中的各个机构之间不会发生干涉，从而提高种植机的工作性能，提高种植效率。
对整机和主要部件进行机械设计，绘制了总装图、部装图和部分零件施工图，使用Creo三维设计软件建立了整机模型，通过以上工作内容，完成了大蒜种植机械设计阶段的工作。
关键词：种植机；转勺式排种机构；刮板式覆土；整机装配
Abstract
The design is mainly based on the existing garlic planting machine to improve the design, mainly for garlic mechanized cultivation, to achieve chain-type device. Based on the statistical study on the shape characteristics of garlic and garlic, a kind of organic combination of garlic spoon and seed cell structure was designed, and the experiment was carried out. Precision seeding rate reached more than 92%. Completed the seed and other important parameters of the calculation and structural design. In order to solve the requirement of garlic planting agronomic requirements, the garlic planting machinery designed in this paper has been designed to insert the garlic vertical vertical upright. Its function is: first use the spoon-type seed metering device to remove the garlic from the garlic box, and then spoon scrambled garlic spoon in the spoon-type seed metering device in the rotation process generated by the centrifugal force Under the action thrown into the corresponding chute, when the garlic and baffle collision due to gravity will change their own direction. The design of the garlic planer includes the garlic box of the grower, the spoon-type seeding mechanism, the furrow planting mechanism, the transmission mechanism, the casing and the assembly of the whole machine.
This article mainly includes the design of garlic grower, the design of spoon-type seed selection, the selection of casing suppression mechanism and the design of profile and machine assembly. The use of scraper-type casing equipment for casing operations, while the imitation of institutions to improve the effect of casing operations; assembly to ensure that the rationale between the various institutions, compact structure, to ensure a reasonable line spacing and the machine will not be between the various institutions The occurrence of interference, so as to improve the performance of the planting machine to improve the planting efficiency.
The mechanical design of the whole machine and the main parts, drawing the assembly drawing, the part drawing and some parts construction drawing, the Creo three-dimensional design software to establish the whole model, through the above work content, completed the garlic planting machinery design stage work.
Key words：Planting machine; Scoop type seeding mechanism; Scraper casing; Machine assembly
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