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电动轮椅机械系统设计
专业：机械设计制造及其自动化专业
摘要：电动轮椅是一种以蓄电池为能源、电机驱动的轮椅车。具有省力、操作简便、车速平稳、无污染和低噪音的特点。适于下肢残疾、高位截瘫或偏瘫以及年老体弱者使用，是一种比较理想的移动或代步工具。但是在市面上的电动轮椅价格还普遍较高，难以在老年人和残疾人人群中普及。设计开发一种价格低廉的电动轮椅必将会有广阔的市场空间。在对国内外电动轮椅机械系统研究的基础上，应用现代设计理论及方法，对驱动方式进行分析和再设计，优化车身骨架结构，添加必要的辅助功能装置，利用计算机辅助设计软件构建轮椅及各零部件三维模型。提出一种后轮驱动差速转向的驱动方案，两电机分别控制两后轮的转向和转速来达到轮椅调速和转向的目的，后轮差速转向的驱动方案具有转向灵活等优点。基于这种驱动方案，设计了与之相匹配的减速器及其他传动机构。车身的设计采用了一种简化型的车身骨架，结构坚固稳定又简单轻便，并可灵活拆卸。电动轮椅的机械系统的设计，为新型低成本电动轮椅的设计开发打下了一定基础，提供了一种供参考的驱动方案和骨架结构。
关键字：电动轮椅 设计开发 机械系统 差速转向 计算机辅助设计
Mechanical system design of electric powered wheelchair
Major: Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and Automation
Student: Yaozu Zhang Instructor: Li Hou
Abstract:Electric powered wheelchair is a wheeled vehicle which takes storage battery as power and motor as driving with characteristics of labor saving, easy operation, stable speed, free-pollution and low noise. It very benefits for the people with lower or upper extremely impairment, the old or the valetudinarians. To these people, Electric powered wheelchair is their primary and ideal means of mobility. However, the price of the electric wheelchair on the market is also generally high. It’s hard to popularize among the old people and the disabled. The design and development of a kind low-cost electric powered wheelchair will certainly have a broad market space. On the basis of the study of the electric powered wheelchair mechanical system at home and abroad, use the modern mechanical design theory and method, analyse and re-design the drive mode. Optimize the body frame structure. And add some necessary accessibility devices. Use computer aided design software to build a three-dimensional model of the wheelchair and it’s components. A scheme with rear wheel drive, differential steering has been proposed. Two motors control the rotation direction and rotation speed of the two rear wheels respectively to make the running speed and driving directions of the wheelchair change. This scheme has the advantage of change direction flexibly. Based on this driving scheme, speed reduction unit and other transmissions matched with the scheme have been designed. A simplified type of body frame has been used in the body design.The structure of this type of body frame strong, stable, simple and light. And can be dismantled easily. This design of the electric wheelchair’s mechanical systems has lay a certain foundation for the new type low-cost electric powered wheelchair, and has given a reference scheme about drive mode and body frame structure.
Key Words：Electric powered wheelchair, Design and development, Mechanical systems, Differential steering, Computer aided design
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