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激光是20世纪的重大发明之一，因其具有单色性、相干性和平行性，特别适用于材料加工，激光加工是激光应用最有发展前途的领域。本文主要论述了激光加工技术的发展历史、应用原理、关键技术、发展趋势及前景。
本课题主要内容是设计一款中型、维护简单、耗材低廉的多功能光纤激光加工机，主要适用于各种金属材料的切割、焊接、打孔、雕刻等加工领域。该光纤激光加工机要求实现将光纤激光器输出高能量密度的激光束，聚集在工件表面上，使工件被超细焦点光斑照射的区域瞬间熔化和气化，通过数控机械系统移动光斑照射位置而实现自动激光加工。同时由抽风系统吸走汽化或熔化的气体或粉尘。具体设计内容包括光纤激光加工机的总计结构方案论证与确定，光纤激光器、导光系统、数控系统、抽风系统等主要部分的选型与设计计算。
关键词：光纤；激光器；激光；加工机；数控系统
Laser is one of the great inventions in the 20th century，because of its monochromatic，coherent and parallel properties，especially suitable for material processing，laser processing is the most promising field for laser application. This paper mainly discusses the development history，application principle，key technology，development trend and prospect of laser processing technology.
The main content of this project is to design a medium-sized，simple maintenance，low-cost consumables multi-functional optical fiber laser processing machine，mainly suitable for all kinds of metal materials cutting，welding，drilling，engraving and other processing fields. The laser processing machine requires that the laser beam with high energy density be outputted from the fiber laser and aggregated on the surface of the workpiece，so that the area of the workpiece illuminated by the ultrafine focus spot is instantly melted and gasified，and the automatic laser processing is realized by moving the spot irradiation position through the CNC mechanical system. At the same time，vaporized or melted gases or dust are absorbed by the exhaust system. The concrete design contents include the demonstration and determination of the total structure of the laser machine，and the light Selection and design calculation of fiber laser，light guide system，numerical control system，air extraction system and so on.
Keywords: Fiber；Laser；Laser；Machining Machine；CNC System
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