摘要 本文主要讨论的是一种秧苗移栽机的载插机构，该移栽机主要应用于烟苗、玉米、甜菜、茄子、蕃茄、棉花等作物的田间移栽作业。根据作物育苗移栽的农艺要求,在分析了国内外众多移栽机的基础上,优化设计了适合秧苗移栽的机械的关键部件,分析研究了机械栽苗的一般规律,找出了影响栽苗效果的若干因素,确定了工作部件的主要参数。
该机构的创新点是采用了曲柄连杆机构作为移栽机的投苗机构。由于条件限制,实践方面有待进一步的加强,进行进一步的检验、分析、再设计,使所设计的烟苗移栽机械达到较好的工作性能指标和工作可靠性的要求,但最为重要的是一定要满足农业生产的要求—农艺要求。
移栽部件的运动分析是移栽机设计的基础，在建立秧苗运动数学模型的前提下，运用Inventor建立实体模型，创建组件连接，在Inventor中对移栽部件进行模拟仿真，并对其关键点与建立的数学模型进行比较，对移栽部件参数进行优化。
关键词: 移栽机； 曲柄连杆机构； 投苗机构.
Abstract This paper mainly discusses the transplanting mechanism of a seedling transplanter, which is mainly applied to the field transplanting of tobacco seedlings, corn, sugar beet, eggplant, tomato, cotton and other crops. According to the agronomic requirements of seedling raising and transplanting of crops, based on the analysis of many transplanters at home and abroad, the key components of the machinery suitable for seedling transplanting are optimally designed, the general rules of mechanical seedling planting are analyzed and studied, several factors affecting the seedling planting effect are found out, and the main parameters of the working components are determined.
The innovation of this mechanism is that crank-link mechanism is adopted as the seedling throwing mechanism of transplanter. Due to the limited conditions, the practice needs to be further strengthened, further inspection, analysis and redesign are carried out, so that the designed tobacco seedling transplanting machine can meet the requirements of better working performance index and working reliability, but the most important thing is that it must meet the requirements of agricultural production-agronomic requirements.
Kinematic analysis of transplanting parts is the basis of transplanting machine design. On the premise of establishing mathematical model of seedling motion, Inventor is used to establish solid model, create component connection, simulate transplanting parts in Inventor, compare its key points with the established mathematical model, and optimize the parameters of transplanting parts.
Key words: transplanter; Crank and connecting rod mechanism; Seedling throwing mechanism.
目 录
第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………3
1.1 国内外移栽机的历史和发展状况……………………………………………3
1.1.1国外移栽机的发展状况……………………………………………………3
1.1.2国内移栽机械的发展概况…………………………………………………4
1.1.3国内移栽机械的主要问题…………………………………………………4
1.2发展旱地秧苗移栽机械的必要性……………………………………………5
1.3 移栽机的分类及特点…………………………………………………………7
1.4 机械化移栽目前存在的主要问题…………………………………………10
1.5 选题分析（科学性、可行性论证）和内容……………………………………11
第二章 总体方案…………………………………………………………13
2.1 秧苗移栽的基本农艺要求…………………………………………………13
2.2 主要技术参数………………………………………………………………13
2.3 移栽机作业的技术要求……………………………………………………14
2.3.1 性能评定指标与检测方法………………………………………………14
2.3.2 秧苗栽植状态指标………………………………………………………16
2.3.3 生产率性能指标…………………………………………………………18
2.3.4 移栽机适应性指标………………………………………………………18
2.3.5 自动化程度指标…………………………………………………………19
2.4 结构特征与工作原理………………………………………………………19
第三章 关键技术解决办法………………………………………………23
3.1 设计方法选择………………………………………………………………23
3.2 方案选择……………………………………………………………………24
第四章 载插机构的设计及计算…………………………………………25
4.1 移栽机载插机构的设计……………………………………………………25
4.2 具体设计过程………………………………………………………………25
4.2.1 方法学……………………………………………………………………25
4.2.2 种植机械的输出运动需求………………………………………………26
4.2.3 连接参数的设计…………………………………………………………26
4.2.4 连接部件的分析…………………………………………………………27
4.2.5 连杆尺寸的确定…………………………………………………………29
4.3 连杆的运动轨迹分析………………………………………………………31
4.3.1 运动分析…………………………………………………………………31
4.3.2 确定最佳运动轨迹………………………………………………………32
4.4 机械设计的初步研究………………………………………………………34
4.5 机构运动的三维仿真………………………………………………………36
4.5.1 计算机分析的基本思想…………………………………………………36
4.5.2 三维设计软件Inventor介绍…………………………………………36
4.5.3 机构的三维图……………………………………………………………37
4.6 主要工作情况………………………………………………………………37
结 论………………………………………………………………………39
致 谢………………………………………………………………………41
附录A………………………………………………………………………42
附录B………………………………………………………………………45
参考文献……………………………………………………………………47
