摘要
本文研究的主要是数控机床的机械传动装置的设计，传动装置在各外界因素和自身因素的影响下传动精度会大大降低，例如几何精度与变形产生的误差、机床的热变形以及运动间的摩擦和传动间隙等因素。这些都是影响数控机床传动精度的重要因素，我也是从这入手，从各个方面着手提高数控机床的传动精度。
我完成的设计主要包括一些原始数据的拟定，再根据拟定的参数，进行传动方案的比较，确定传动方案。然后计算各传动副的传动比及齿轮齿数，再估算齿轮的模数和各轴的轴径，并对齿轮和轴的强度、刚度进行校核。除此之外，还要对箱体内的主要结构进行设计，一些零件的选型，从而完成对整个机械传动系统的设计。
关键词：数控机床 传动系统 精度 设计
Abstract
Of this study is the design of the transmission tools of CNC machine , mechanical transmission gear under the influence of external factors and the factors driving accuracy will greatly reduce the Accuracy, such as geometric accuracy and deformation of the thermal deformation of machine tools, as well as the movement between the friction and the transmission gap. These are the transmission accuracy of CNC machine tools, I am also from this start begin to improve the transmission accuracy of CNC machine tools, from all aspects.I completed the design include the formulation of some of the raw data, according to the parameters of the proposed transmission scheme compared to determine the transmission scheme. Then calculate the transmission ratio of the pair and gear of the transmission, and then estimate the modulus of the gear and the axis of the shaft, and gear and shaft strength and stiffness of the check. In addition, we must design the main structure of cabinets, some parts of the selection, thus completing the design of the mechanical drive system as a whole.Keywords: accuracy of CNC machine tool drive system design
Keywords：NC machine tool; driving system; Accuracy；design
目录
1.引言...........................................................................4
2.主传动方案的拟定10
2.1 初定传动方案10
2.2 方案的选择11
3.动力计算17
3.1 齿轮的计算(计算过程参考文献2 第八章)17
3.2 电磁离合器的选择和使用26
4.轴的设计和验算28
4.1 轴的结构设计28
4.2 轴的强度校核(以Ⅰ轴为例)29
4.3 轴的刚度校核(以Ⅰ轴为例)32
5．主轴变速箱的装配设计34
5.1 箱体内结构设计的特点35
5.2 设计的方法35
6.滚动导轨的结构37
6.1导轨结构的设计37
7．PLC概述43
7.1 PLC的发展历程43
7.2 PLC的发展趋势45
7.3 PLC的应用46
7.4 PLC的硬件结构47
7.5 PLC的工作原理48
8. PLC控制系统设计49
8.1 确定I／O的点数49
8.2 选择适用的PLC机型50
8.3 输入／输出点的分配50
8.4 PLC接线图50
8.5 PLC控制程序梯形图设计50
8.6 改造中必须注意的几个问题51
致谢53
53
参考文献54
附件清单55
