外挂式数控伺服驱动器控制系统设计
摘 要
直流电机脉冲宽度调制（Pulse Width Modulation—简称PWM）调速产生于20世纪70年代中期，最早用于自动跟踪天文望远镜，自动记录仪表等的驱动，后来用于晶体管器件水平的提高及电路技术的发展，PWM技术得到了高速发展，各式各样的脉宽调速控制器，脉宽调速模块也应运而生，许多单片机也都有了PWM输出功能。而MCS—51系列单片机作为应用最广泛的单片机之一，却没有PWM输出功能，本课设采用配合软件的方法实现了MCS—51单片机的PWM输出调速功能，这对精度要求不高的场合时非常实用的。
本文采用基于无刷直流伺服电动机及其驱动装置的数控驱动器为结构设计对象，可以实现外挂式数控伺服驱动器的结构优化。外挂式数控伺服驱动器是机械结构与电控技术的综合应用，包含控制原理、控制、驱动、反馈部分元器件的设计选用以及齿轮传动，电机选择，减速器的设计、编程控制等，这些内容都是本科课程中所涉及的内容。由于现在许多旧式机床都是工人通过手动来使丝杠达到进给的目的，在一定程度上存在着误差，但如果使用伺服驱动器，那么在制造精度上就会有大幅度的提升，同时也使旧机床的生产效率更高。现在国内在外挂式伺服驱动器的设计上大多仅仅实现了自动进给[13]，但缺少伺服反馈，因此，但总体来说，这个课题的研究具有驱动方式新颖、整体结构简单、操控柔顺性高等优点。
关键词：无刷直流;外挂式数控伺服驱动器;MCS--51单片机
Abstract
DC Motor Pulse Width Modulation (Pulse Width Modulation-referred to as PWM) speed control to produce the mid-1970s, the first for automatic tracking of astronomical telescopes, automatic recording instruments, the driver, and later used to raise the level of transistor devices and circuits development, PWM technology has been rapid development of a wide range of pulse width speed controller, PWM Speed modules have emerged, many microcontrollers have PWM output function. The MCS-51 series of microcontrollers as the most widely used one of the microcontroller PWM output function lesson set up with the software of MCS-51 microcontroller PWM output speed control function, which is less precision occasions very practical.
This article CNC drives based on brushless DC servo motor and its drive for structural design objects, the structure of the plug-in CNC servo drive optimization. Plug CNC servo drive is a mechanical structure and electronic control technology applications, including control theory, control, drive, feedback, some of the components of the design selection and gear drive, motor selection, reducer design, programming and control of these content is involved in undergraduate courses. As many of the old machine are workers by manually to make the screw to achieve the purpose of feeding, to a certain extent there is error, but if you use servo drive, then there will be greatly enhanced in the manufacture of precision, but also to make higher productivity of the old machine. Now in the design of the plug-in servo drive mostly only realized the automatic feed [13], but the lack of servo feedback, therefore, but, overall, the study of this subject-driven approach is novel and simple overall structure, the manipulation of soft higher advantages.
Keywords: Brushless DC; plug CNC servo drive; MCS - 51 microcontroller
目 录
外挂式数控伺服驱动器控制系统设计 1
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
1绪 论 3
1.1 课题研究基本原理技术方案 3
1.2 课题的主要设计技术参数或研究工作要达到的目标 6
1.4 课题研究的主要内容 6
1、课题研究基本原理技术方案 6
2、课题可行性分析 7
3、课题主要解决的技术关键问题及创新点 7
2系统整体设计介绍 9
2.1 系统简介 9
2.2 系统设计原理 10
3系统硬件设计 12
3.1 硬件组成 13
3.2 主要器件功能介绍 13
3.3 电路组成 21
4系统软件设计 23
3.1 Proteus介绍 23
3.2 伟福仿真器简介 26
3.3 程序流程图 27
3.4 汇编设计 28
3.5 仿真结果图 31
总 结 33
参考文献 34
致 谢 35
附 录 36
