摘  要

机床数控化已成为衡量一个国家机械制造工业水平的重要标志，世界上工业发达国家都把发展数控技术作为机械工业发展的战略重点。在比照分析目前国内在机床数控化改造中常用数控系统的特点、控制功能、价格后，研究了一种利用经济型数控系统对普通车床进行数控化改造的工程实践方法。在完成数控系统的选型、配置、参数设置及控制电路设计，(包括进给系统、主轴系统、刀架等)的改造设计之后，进行机电联调，测试改造后机床的功能和性能，并进行切削精度检验。

传统机床的数控化改造已成为各个工厂对传统机床应用的最佳选择，本次设计将CA6140普通车床改造成基于华数控系统HNC-21T控制的数控车床。要求该车床具有切削螺纹的功能，纵向和横向进给系统具有直线和圆弧插补功能。提出数控改造整体方案，做出了硬件选型。为了适应数控系统，对车床进行了结构设计分析，本方案应用在CA6140车床上切实可行，具有一定的指导意义。

关键词：铣床；CA6140车床；HNC-21T；回转工作台；改造

Abstract

Machine tool numerical control has become an important symbol to measure the level of machinery manufacturing industry in a country， the world's industrial developed countries regard the development of numerical control technology as the strategic focus of the development of machinery industry. After analyzing the characteristic， control function and price of the CNC system commonly used in the NC transformation of machine tools in China， a practical engineering method of NC transformation of general lathe using economical NC system is studied. After completing the selection， configuration， parameter setting and control circuit design of the NC system， and the modification design of the mechanical part (including the feed system， spindle system， tool holder， etc.)， the mechanical and electrical adjustment is carried out， and the machine tool is tested and reformed  function and performance， and perform cutting accuracy tests.

The NC transformation of traditional machine tools has become the best choice for the application of traditional machine tools in each factory. This design transforms the CA6140 general lathe into a NC lathe based on the HNC-21T control of the Hua CNC system. The lathe is required to have the function of cutting thread， and the longitudinal and transverse feed system has the function of linear and circular interpolation. The whole scheme of NC transformation is put forward， and the hardware selection is made. In order to adapt to the NC system， the structure design analysis of the lathe is carried out， and the application of this scheme to the CA6140 lathe is feasible and has certain guiding significance.

Keywords: Milling machine; CA6140 lathe; HNC-21T; Rotary table; Transformation

目  录

摘  要I

AbstractII

1绪论1

1.1选题目的及意义1

1.2数控机床的发展1

1.3研究主要内容2

2CA6140车床进给伺服系统改造方案设计3

2.1总体方案确定3

2.2 CA6140车床的设计参数4

3数控系统的选择6

3.1数控系统的选择6

3.1.1数控系统的选择6

3.1.2改造部分6

3.1.3设计要求6

3.2 数控系统介绍7

3.2.1操作台介绍7

3.2.2软件操作界面 8

4数控铣床可分度回转工作台设计和计算10

4.1可分度回转工作台设计的结构改造设计方案10

4.1.1纵向可分度回转工作台改造方案10

4.1.2横向可分度回转工作台改造方案10

4.2进给可分度回转工作台的设计计算10

4.2.1进择脉冲当量10

4.2.2计算切削力10

4.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型11

4.3.1纵向进给丝杠11

4.3.2横向进给丝杠14

4.4纵向及横向滚珠丝杠副几何参数17

4.5齿轮传动比计算18

4.5.1纵向进给齿轮箱传动比计算18

4.5.2横向进给齿轮箱传动比计算19

5CA6140车床进给部分电机的选择20

5.1纵向进给步进电机计算20

5.1.1等效传动惯量计算20

5.1.2电机力矩计算20

5.1.3计算步进电机空载起动频率和切削时的工作频率22

5.2横向进给步进电机计算23

5.2.1等效传动惯量计算23

5.2.2电机力矩计算24

5.2.3计算步进电机空载起动频率和切削时的工作频率25

6 CA6140车床刀架部分的改造26

6.1刀架的选用26

6.2电动刀架工作原理26

6.3 改造后的刀架26

6.4刀架的电气控制27

6.5刀架的安装28

7数控铣床可分度回转工作台安装调试与验收30

7.1 数控系统调试30

7.1.1 华中数控系统与车床间I/O信号的处理30

7.1.2数控车床的几种过程原理分析及相应参数的设置30

7.2 电气系统的调试33

1)电源电压调试。：33

2)各控制回路的调试。33

3) 限位开关超程检测。33

4) 轴行程的设置。33

7.3传动丝杠的安装与调试34

总  结36

致  谢37

参考文献38