智能化光照度计的研究
摘 要
随着现代科学技术以及复杂的自动控制系统和信息处理理论和技术的提高,光电信号变换与检测技术的不断涌现,综合性的自动化、智能化的光电系统得到进一步的发展,形成了包括光学、精密机械、电子学和计算机科学的高度知识集中的新科学―光学精密机械电子学。这种跨学科的边缘技术就是光电技术。现在,光电技术已广泛的应用于工业、农业、文教、卫生、国防、科研和家庭生活等各领域。在这些应用领域中,几乎都涉及到将光辐射信息转换为电信息的问题,即光辐射的检测问题。因此,光电检测技术是光电技术的核心和重要组成部分。光电检测技术是一种非接触测量的高新技术,它以激光、红外、光纤等现代光电器件为基础,通过对载荷有被检测物体信息的光辐射进行检测,即通过光电检测器件接收光辐射并转换为电信号,由输入电路、放大滤波等检测电路提取有用信息,再经A/D变换接口输入微型计算机运算、处理,最后显示或打印输出所需检测物体的几何量或物理量等参数。因此,光电检测技术是现代检测技术最重要的手段和方法之一,是计量检测技术的一个重要发展方向。
关键词:光电信号变换,光电检测技术,光辐射检测。
Abstract
Along with modern science and technology as well as complex voluntarily control systematic and information handling, it is theoretical with technical raising,Photoelectric signal is alternated the technology with detection emerge continuously,Comprehensive automation and intelligence the photoelectric system that melts get further development,Have formed to include optical, precise machinery and electron study with the new science of the high knowledge concentration of computer science ― optical precise mechanical electron study. This kind of interdisciplinary edge technology is photoelectric technology. Now, photoelectric technology has been extensive to apply in each fields such as industry, agriculture, culture and education, hygiene, defence, research and family life. Is nearly concerned with the problem of ceasing the information conversion of ray radiation for telecommunications in the sphere of these application , the detection problem of ray radiation. Therefore photoelectric detection technology is the key and important composition part of photoelectric technology. Photoelectric detection technology is a kind of high new technology of not contacting measure , it with laser , the infrared modern photoelectric devices such as optical cable is foundation, through having quilt for load, the ray radiation of detection object information carries out detection , passes through photoelectric detector to take over ray radiation and changes for telecommunications wail , from input circuit , enlarge to strain the detection circuits such as wave draw useful information, alternate the interface input operation and handling of personal computer again by A/D , show or print finally the export parameters such as quantity or physical quantity that need the geometry of detection object. Therefore photoelectric detection technology is the most important means and one of method of modern detection technology, measure the technology of detection one important develop direction.http://www.16sheji8.cn/
Keyword: Photoelectric signal alternated
Photoelectric detection technology
The detection of ray radiation
目 录
第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………1
1.1光电检测内容与特点……………………………………………………………1
1.2光电检测的原理…………………………………………………………………2
第二章 光电检测器件…………………………………………………4
2.1真空光电检测器件………………………………………………………………4
2.2半导体光电导器件………………………………………………………………6
2.3半导体结型光电器件(光伏器件)……………………………………………7
2.4光电检测电路的动态设计……………………………………………………18
2.5光电检测电路的静态设计……………………………………………………21
第三章 AT mega8和MCS-51比较参数特性…………………………26
3.1 AT mega8的发展和优势………………………………………………………26
3.2 mega8和MCS-51单片机比较………………………………………………26
第四章 单片机控制的数字式智能化光照计………………………31
4.1智能化光照度计的基本设计思想……………………………………………31
4.2数字式等精度光照度计的单片机控制………………………………………33
第一章 绪论
1.1光电检测内容与特点
光电检测技术是一种非接触测量的高新技术,它以激光、红外、光电传感器等现代光电器件为基础,通过对载荷有被被测物体信息的光辐射进行检测,即通过光电传感器将接受到的光辐射转换为电信号,由输入电路、放大、滤波等检测电路提取有用信息,再经过A/D转换等标准接口输入到计算机进一步进行信息处理,最后得到被测量。因此,光电检测技术是现代检测技术最重要的手段方法之一。是计量检测技术的一个重要的发展方向。
光电检测的主要内容和特点如下:http://www.16sheji8.cn/
①从光电转换的机理出发可将光电传感器分为:光伏器件和光电导器件。利用半导体PN结光伏效应制成的器件称为光伏器件。这类器件品种很多,其中包括各种光电池、光电二极管、光电晶体管、光电场效应PIN管、雪崩光电二极管(APD)光可控硅、阵列式光电器件、象限式光电器件、位置敏感探测器(PSD)、光电耦合器件等。利用半导体光电导效应制成的器件称为光电导器件。典型的光电导器件为光敏电阻。
②从光电传感器接收光信号的方式出发以及从器件性能选择方面考虑可分为:
a) 光信号的有无,如光电开关、观点报警等。此时的光电器不考
虑线性,但要考虑灵敏度;
b)光信号按一定频率交替变化,如光栅莫尔条纹信号检测。此时必须考虑光电器件的上限截止频率使检测器件和光信号的调制形式、信号频率及波形相匹配,以保证得到良好的时间响应和没有频率失真的输出波形;
c)光信号的幅度大小,如光功率检测。根据光辐射源的发光强度、传输介质和损耗,入射到探测器光敏面上的实际辐射能量是很微弱的,http://www.16sheji8.cn/
为此要保证探测器有足够高的探测率,以确保获得一定裕度的信噪比;同时探测器还要有合适的灵敏度,以保证对应于入射辐射通量的微小变化,有足够幅度的电信号输出;此外使入射通量的变化中心处于探测器光电特性的线性范围内,可确保获得良好的线性检测。