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摘 要
近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断深入，同时带动传统控制检测技术日益更新。在实时检测和自动控制的单片机应用系统中，单片机往往作为一个核心部件来使用，仅单片机方面知识是不够的，还应根据具体硬件结构软硬件结合，加以完善。
交通信号灯的自动指挥系统，是实现交通的井然有序的关键。本设计采用AT89C51单片机来实现交通信号灯的自动指挥功能，同时采用LCD1602、DS1302、DS18B20以及其它芯片来铺助，从而达到智能控制的功能。通过AT89C51芯片的各个端口来控制各个路口以及人行道LED灯的亮暗来控制车辆的通行。然而本系统还加上了时间显示控制模块，可以准确的显示出各个路口的倒计时。系统在工作模式下还分为三种工作模式：正常模式、繁忙模式和特殊模式，利用万年历的时间模块进行自动控制切换及手动切换，从而更好的控制上下班高峰期以及各种因素所造成的交通问题，实现智能控制功能。
本系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展性好。
关键字：单片机， 交通灯， 万年历， 智能控制
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the application of SCM is unceasingly thorough, and push the traditional control test technology is updated. In real time detection and automatic control of the microcomputer application system, the single chip microcomputer often as a core component to use, only single chip microcomputer aspects knowledge is not enough, should according to the specific hardware structure with hardware and software, to be perfect.
The traffic lights automatic command system, which is the key of the traffic in order. The design USES AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer to realize the traffic lights automatic command function, at the same time, the LCD1602, DS1302, DS18B20 and other chip shop to help, so as to achieve the function of intelligent control. Through the AT89C51 chips to each port control every intersection and sidewalk LED lamp of light and dark to control the vehicle traffic. However, this system also added time display control module, can accurate shows the countdown each intersection. System in work mode is divided into three working mode: normal mode, busy mode and special mode, use the calendar time module for automatic control switch and manual switching, thereby better control at rush hour and various factors caused by traffic problems, intelligent control function.
This system is practical, simple operation, scalability, good.
KEY WORDS: Single-chip microcomputer,Traffic lights, calendar, Intelligent control
目 录
1绪论1
2.2设计方案2
2.2.1供电方案2
2.2.2输入方案3
2.2.3显示界面方案3
2.2.4交通灯方案3
2.2.4.1交通灯规则方案3
2.2.4.2 各种模式下通行时间5
3.1 AT89C51单片机介绍及应用7
3.1.1单片机的引脚及功能7
3.1.2单片机最小系统的设置9
3.2 LCD1602芯片介绍及应用9
3.2.1 液晶显示器的介绍9
3.2.4 LCD1602的指令说明及时序11
3.2.5 LCD1602液晶显示模块原理图14
3.3 DS1302芯片介绍及应用15
3.3.1 DS1302引脚功能15
3.3 .2 DS1302读写说明15
3.3 .3 DS1302时钟采集模块原理图18
3.4 DS18B20 芯片介绍及应用18
3.4 .1 DS18B20 引脚功能18
3.4.2 DS18B20 的应用及原理图19
4 程序的设计流程20
4.1 交通灯程序的设计流程20
4..1.1 倒计时显示的理论分析20
4.1.2 状态灯显示的理论分析20
4.1.3 交通灯主程序设计流程 20
4.2 万年历的设计流程22
4.3 万年历时间的调整流程22
4.4 交通信号系统工作模式的工作流程24
5 软硬件的仿真调试26
5.1 PROTEUS仿真图26
5.2 硬件实物图26
结论28
致谢29
参考文献和资料30
附录Ⅰ：系统源程序31
